43. Sepals and petals united high up, very unequal. Lip ovate, with 2 gibbosities at the base. Column short. Anther incumbent. Root-stock branched. Flowers large, in few-flowered spikes.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). =Gastrodia= R. Br. Sepals and petals united at the base only, subequal. Lip spatulate, not gibbous. Column long. Anther suberect. Rootstock tuberous, spindle-shaped. Flowers very small, in many-flowered racemes.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). =Auxopus= Schlecht. 44. Stem climbing. Seed-coat crusty or winged. [Subtribe VANILLINAE.] 45 Stem erect. Seed-coat membranous, not winged. [Subtribe POGONIINAE.] 46 45. Lip adnate to the column. Fruit fleshy. Seeds not winged. Usually leafy plants.--Species 15. Tropics. Two of the species (especially _V. planifolia_ Andr.) are cultivated for their fruits, which are used as condiments and for the preparation of perfumes. Some species are used as ornamental plants. =Vanilla= Swartz Lip not adnate to the column. Fruit dry. Seeds winged. Leafless plants.--Species 1. Comoro Islands. =Galeola= Lour. 46. Lip spurred or saccate. Column short. Leaves wanting.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under _Epipogon_ Gmel.) =Galera= Blume Lip neither spurred nor saccate. Column long. Leaves stalked, usually separated from the flowering stem.--Species 10. Tropics to Transvaal. (Including _Apostellis_ Thouars, under _Pogonia_ Juss.) =Nervilia= Gaud. 47. (38.) Pollen-masses divided into a moderate number of rather large, angular segments. Leaves not folded lengthwise. [Subtribe PHYSURINAE.] 48 Pollen-masses not divided into several large segments. 53 48. Pollen-masses connected with the glands of the rostellum by a strap-shaped stalk detached from the tissue of the rostellum. 49 Pollen-masses or their appendages adhering directly to the glands of the rostellum. 50 49. Column with 2 narrow, erect arms. Sepals usually united to the middle. Lip with two protuberances at the base and with a two-lobed blade.--Species 4. West Africa, Madagascar, Comoro Islands. =Cheirostylis= Blume Column without erect arms, but sometimes auricled. Sepals free.--Species 9. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including _Monochilus_ Blume). =Zeuxine= Lindl. 50. Lip similar to the other petals, oblong, slightly concave. Stigmas free, erect, one on each side of the rather long rostellum.--Species 2. Madagascar and Mascarene Islands. =Gymnochilus= Blume Lip distinctly differing from the other petals. 51 51. Column long. Sepals connivent into a tube at the base. Lip with an oblong blade.--Species 6. Comoro Islands, Seychelles, Natal, West Africa. =Platylepis= A. Rich. Column short. 52 52. Stigma with a papillose protuberance on each side. Lip tubercled at the base, with a distinctly limited broad blade.--Species 3. Mascarenes, Seychelles, Comoro Islands, and Cameroons. =Hetaeria= Blume