Pollen-masses without a stalk, rarely with a linear stalk. Lip small, not distinctly spurred, usually entire. [Tribe BOLBOPHYLLEAE.] 93 93. Pollen-masses with a stalk. Lateral sepals somewhat longer than the dorsal one. Flowers in racemes. Stem creeping.--Species 3. West Africa. (Under _Bolbophyllum_ Thou. or _Polystachya_ Lindl.) =Genyorchis= Schlecht. Pollen-masses without a stalk. 94 94. Lateral sepals much longer than the dorsal one, free at the base, united towards the tip. Inflorescence almost umbel-like.--Species 1. Madagascar, Mascarenes, East Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. (Under _Bolbophyllum_ Thou.) =Cirrhopetalum= Lindl. Lateral sepals shorter or somewhat longer than the dorsal one or equalling it, free or almost so. Flowers in spikes or racemes, rarely solitary. 95 95. Lateral sepals much shorter than the dorsal one. Inflorescence with a dilated, almost leaf-like rachis.--Species 40. Tropical and South-East Africa. Some species are used as ornamental plants. =Megaclinium= Lindl. Lateral sepals about as long as or longer than the dorsal one. Inflorescence with a cylindrical rachis.--Species 90. Tropical and South-East Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (_Bulbophyllum_ Thou.) =Bolbophyllum= Thouars CLASS V. DICOTYLEDONEAE SUBCLASS ARCHICHLAMYDEAE (APETALAE AND CHORIPETALAE) ORDER VERTICILLATAE FAMILY 45. CASUARINACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves scale-like, whorled, united into a sheath. Flowers unisexual, the male in spikes, the female in heads. Perianth of the male flowers consisting of two scales, in the female absent. Stamen 1. Anther opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules 2, ascending, straight. Style very short, with 2 thread-shaped stigmas. Fruit dry, indehiscent, enclosed by woody bracteoles. Seed 1, without albumen. Embryo straight; radicle superior. [Illustration: PIPERACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 27._ J. Fleischmann del. Piper guineense Schum. _A_ Fruiting branch. _B_ Part of the female spike with two flowers and their bracts. _C_ Female flower cut lengthwise.] [Illustration: SALICACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 28._ J. Fleischmann del. Salix Safsaf Forsk. _A_ Fruiting branch. _B_ Part of a flowering branch. _C_ Male flower. _D_ Female flower cut lengthwise. _E_ Fruit. _F_ Seed cut lengthwise.] Genus 1, species 2. Spontaneous in Madagascar and the neighbouring islands, cultivated in other tropical countries. The wood (beaf-wood) and the bark are used, the latter for tanning and dyeing and in medicine. =Casuarina= Rumph. ORDER PIPERALES FAMILY 46. PIPERACEAE Flowers in spikes. Perianth none. Stamens 2-6. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1, basal, straight. Fruit a berry. Seed with a copious albumen and a small embryo.--Genera 3, species 80. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 27.)