Stigma filiform, rarely capitate and somewhat hairy, but then shrubs with 3-nerved leaves and perianth shortly toothed and adnate to the ovary. Perianth of the female flowers 2-4-toothed, entire, or wanting. Embryo with elliptical or oblong cotyledons. Cystoliths usually punctiform. Mostly woody plants. [Tribe BOEHMERIEAE.] 16 13. Leaves opposite, but sometimes the pairs consisting of unequal leaves. Herbs. 14 Leaves alternate or subopposite, i.e., one leaf of each pair very small, stipule-like. 15 14. Flowers on a disc-or bell-shaped receptacle.--Species 1. Abyssinia. =Lecanthus= Wedd. Flowers in glomerules arranged in panicles.--Species 35. Tropics. Some are used as vegetables or textile plants. (_Adicea_ Rafin.) =Pilea= Lindl. 15. Flowers on an expanded receptacle. Perianth-segments of the female flowers linear or lanceolate. Herbs. Leaves unequal-sided.--Species 15. Tropics. =Elatostema= Forst. Flowers in glomerules or heads without an involucre. Perianth-segments ovate. Shrubs or undershrubs.--Species 3. Tropics. =Procris= Juss. 16. Female flowers without a perianth. Stigma filiform. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers in axillary glomerules.--Species 1. Naturalized on the Island of Mauritius. =Phenax= Wedd. Female flowers with a perianth. 17 17. Perianth of the female flowers free or almost free from the ovary, dry or membranous in fruit. Stipules free or nearly so. Stigma filiform. 18 Perianth of the female flowers adnate to the ovary, more or less succulent in fruit. Stipules evidently united. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees. 19 18. Stigma persistent. Perianth surrounding the fruit neither winged nor ribbed. Leaves toothed.--Species 7. Tropical and South Africa. Two of them (especially _B. nivea_ Hook. & Arn., ramie or Chinese grasscloth plant) are cultivated as textile plants. =Boehmeria= Jaqu. Stigma deciduous. Perianth surrounding the fruit usually winged or ribbed. Leaves usually entire.--Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. =Pouzolzia= Gaudich. 19. Stigma filiform, deciduous.--Species 3. Madagascar and Mascarenes. =Pipturus= Wedd. Stigma capitate, more or less penicillate.--Species 1. Abyssinia. =Debregeasia= Gaudich. ORDER PROTEALES FAMILY 55. PROTEACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, rarely (_Brabeium_) whorled. Stipules none. Flowers in heads, spikes, or racemes. Perianth with 4 petaloid, valvate segments, usually surrounded by excrescences of the receptacle. Stamens 4, opposite the perianth-segments. Anthers opening inwards. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, ascending and inverted, more rarely pendulous and straight, very rarely ovules 2. Style simple, with a small stigma. Fruit a one-seeded nut or drupe. Seed exalbuminous.--Genera 13, species 400. Southern and tropical Africa. (Plate 33.) 1. Stamens inserted at the base of the perianth-segments; anthers stalked. Perianth regular, divided to the base. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. [Tribe PERSOONIEAE.] 2