4. Flowers dioecious. Perianth-tube above the ovary very shortly campanulate; segments usually with a tuft of hairs in the male flowers. Anther-halves elliptical. Style short.--Species 6. South Africa. =Thesidium= Sond. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube above the ovary campanulate or cylindrical; segments with tufts or rows of hairs. Anther-halves usually oblong. Style long or rather short. 5 5. Fruit a drupe. Flowers axillary, solitary or in glomerules. Undershrubs.--Species 7. East and South Africa. =Osyridicarpus= A. DC. Fruit a nut.--Species 120. =Thesium= L. [Illustration: SANTALACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 35._ J. Fleischmann del. Osyris tenuifolia Engl. _A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Male flower. _C_ Male flower from above. _D_ Male flower cut lengthwise.] [Illustration: OPILIACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 36._ J. Fleischmann del. Opilia amentacea Roxb. _A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Flower. _C_ Flower cut lengthwise.] FAMILY 57. OPILIACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers in spikes, racemes or umbels, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx (or calyx-like excrescence of the receptacle) entire or obscurely 4-5-toothed. Petals (or perianth-segments) 4-5, free. Stamens equal in number and opposite to them, free or adnate at the base. Disc present. Ovary superior or nearly so, 1-celled, with a thick central placenta. Ovule 1, pendulous from the apex of the placenta, with no coat. Style simple. Fruit succulent. Seed without a testa; albumen abundant; embryo large, with superior radicle.--Genera 2, species 15. (Under _OLACINEAE.)_ (Plate 35.) Axis of the inflorescence with cushion-shaped swellings at the base of the pedicels. Flowers in short racemes or umbels. Receptacle broad, cupular. Disc lobed. Petals with inflected tips. Filaments short. Anthers broad.--Species 5. Central Africa. =Rhopalopilia= Pierre Axis of the inflorescence without swellings. Flowers in racemes. Receptacle small.--Species 10. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. (_Groutia_ Guill. & Perr., including _Urobotrya_ Stapf). (Plate 35.) =Opilia= Roxb. FAMILY 58. GRUBBIACEAE Shrubs. Leaves opposite, narrow, entire, leathery. Inflorescences axillary, cymose. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth 4-partite, with sepaloid, valvate segments. Stamens 8, almost free from the perianth. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary inferior, 1-celled or at first incompletely 2-celled. Ovules 2, pendulous from a central or subparietal placenta, straight, with no coat. Style simple; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seed 1, with a thin testa and fleshy albumen; embryo straight, with inferior radicle. (Under _SANTALACEAE_ or _HAMAMELIDACEAE_.) Genus 1, species 4. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Grubbia= Berg FAMILY 59. OLACACEAE