3. Anthers 1-celled, opening by a transverse slit. Perianth of the male flowers 2-5-parted, of the female 2-parted. Flowers dioecious, solitary.--Species 1. North-West Africa. [Tribe ARCEUTHOBIEAE.] =Arceuthobium= Marsch. Bieb. Anthers 2-celled, opening by 2 longitudinal slits. Perianth 3-parted. Flowers monoecious, disposed in rows.--Species 5. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (_Bifaria_ Van Tiegh.) [Tribe PHORADENDREAE.] =Korthalsella= Van Tiegh. SUBORDER BALANOPHORINEAE FAMILY 62. BALANOPHORACEAE Succulent herbs without green colour, parasitic on roots, upon which their root-stock is seated. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers in spadix-like spikes or heads, red, unisexual. Perianth in the male flowers of 3-6 segments, in the female 3-lobed or wanting. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments, sometimes one of them abortive. Ovary inferior or naked, 1-celled. Ovules 1-3, pendulous from a central placenta or from the apex of the cell or adnate to the wall of the ovary, without coats. Style simple, sometimes very short; stigma entire or lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seed without a testa; albumen copious; embryo small, apical, undivided.--Genera 4, species 6. Tropical and South Africa. 1. Fertile stamens 2. Female flowers with a 3-lobed perianth. Ovules 3. Stigma 3-lobed, borne on a long filiform style. Spadices oblong, solitary.--Species 2. South Africa. [Subfamily =MYSTROPETALOIDEAE=.] =Mystropetalon= Harv. Fertile stamens 3 or more. Female flowers without a perianth, but the base of the style sometimes surrounded by a tubular outgrowth of the receptacle. Stigma entire or sessile. 2 2. Stamens free. Anthers globose, many-celled. Ovules 3. Stigma sessile. Spadices panicled. Root-stock not resinous.--Species 1. South and East Africa. [Subfamily =SARCOPHYTOIDEAE=.] =Sarcophyte= Sparrm. Stamens united. Anthers 2-4-celled. Ovule 1. Style and stigma simple. Spadices solitary. Root-stock resinous. [Subfamily =BALANOPHOROIDEAE=.] 3 3. Anthers 3-6, linear, 4-celled. Ovary linear. Ovule adnate to the wall of the ovary. Perianth-segments of the male flowers linear. Spadices hemispherical.--Species 2. Tropics. [Tribe LANGSDORFFIEAE.] =Thonningia= Vahl Anthers numerous, 2-celled. Ovule free, pendulous.--Species 1. Comoro Islands. [Tribe BALANOPHOREAE.] =Balanophora= Forst. ORDER ARISTOLOCHIALES FAMILY 63. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Leaves alternate, entire or lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters, irregular, hermaphrodite. Perianth simple, corolla-like, with a distinct tube. Stamens 5-24, adnate to the style. Anthers opening outwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, 4-6-celled. Ovules several or many in each cell, pendulous descending or horizontal, inverted. Style or stigma 6-lobed. Fruit capsular. Seeds with a small embryo and copious albumen. (Plate 38.) Genus 1, species 30. Some are used medicinally. =Aristolochia= L. FAMILY 64. RAFFLESIACEAE