23. Fruiting perianth unchanged and unappendaged. Undershrubs.--Species 3. North and South Africa. =Chenolea= Thunb. Fruiting perianth winged, gibbous, or prickly. 24 24. Fruiting perianth gibbous or prickly.--Species 2. North Africa. (_Echinopsilon_ Moq., under _Chenolea_ Thunb. or _Kochia_ Roth). =Bassia= All. Fruiting perianth with one or several wings.--Species 3. South Africa to Hereroland and North Africa to Nubia. =Kochia= Roth 25. Fruit not enclosed in the perianth, dehiscing with a lid. Perianth-segments spreading, linear-oblong. Stamens 5, much shorter than the perianth. Stigmas 2, short. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, entire, glabrous. Undershrubs.--Species 1. North-West Africa (Algeria). =Oreobliton= Durieu & Moq. Fruit wholly or partly enclosed in the perianth, indehiscent. Leaves usually broad, toothed, and mealy or glandular-hairy.--Species 25. Some of them yield edible seeds, dyes, and medicaments, or are used as vegetables or ornamental plants; several are poisonous. “Goosefoot.” (Including _Blitum_ L. and _Roubieva_ Moq.) [Tribe CHENOPODIEAE.] =Chenopodium= L. FAMILY 68. AMARANTACEAE Leaves without stipules. Perianth more or less dry, simple, of 1-5 imbricate segments. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments or fewer. Anthers attached by the back, opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovules erect or suspended from a basal funicle, curved. Fruit dehiscing by a lid or indehiscent. Embryo surrounding the mealy albumen.--Genera 32, species 200. (Plate 41.) 1. Anthers 1-celled. Ovule 1. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Inflorescences head-or shortly spike-shaped. [Subfamily =GOMPHRENCIDEAE=, tribe GOMPHRENEAE.] 2 Anthers 2-celled. [Subfamily =AMARANTOIDEAE=.] 4 2. Stigma 1, capitate. Fertile stamens alternating with staminodes.--Species 7. Some are used as ornamental plants, others are noxious weeds. (Including _Telanthera_ R. Br.) [Subtribe FROEHLICHINAE.] =Alternanthera= Forsk. Stigmas 2-4, subulate. [Subtribe GOMPHRENINAE.] 3 3. Filaments entire.--Species 1. Central Africa. (_Philoxerus_ R. Br.) =Iresine= L. Filaments fringed, toothed, or 3-parted.--Species 1. Tropical and South East Africa. A weed, sometimes used as an ornamental plant. =Gomphrena= L. 4. Ovule 1. [Tribe AMARANTEAE.] 5 Ovules 2 or more, very rarely ovule 1, erect; in this case filaments united below into a membranous tube and flowers hermaphrodite. [Tribe CELOSIEAE.] 32 5. Ovule erect. Radicle of the embryo descending. Filaments free or united in a ring at the base. Flowers unisexual, polygamous, or hermaphrodite but intermixed with sterile ones. Leaves alternate. [Subtribe AMARANTINAE.] 6 Ovule pendulous. Radicle of the embryo ascending. [Subtribe ACHYRANTHINAE.] 9 6. Perianth spreading. Filaments united at the base. Stigmas 3. Fruit a berry. Shrubs. Flowers polygamous, in spikes or racemes.--Species 1. Canary Islands. =Bosia= L. Perianth erect. Herbs or undershrubs. 7