Fruit dehiscing in two valves. (See 54.) =Brassica= L. 77. (45.) Fruit indehiscent, transversely divided into 2-7 cells (joints), the lowest cell sometimes seedless. 78 Fruit not transversely septate, but sometimes prolonged into a seedless beak. 82 78. Fruit 3-7-jointed, oblong, flat. Style rather long. Seeds solitary in each cell, pendulous. Sepals erect or connivent, the lateral saccate. Stem very short. Leaves radical, lyrate. Flowers solitary, axillary. (See 57.) =Cossonia= Durieu Fruit 2-jointed. Flowers racemose. 79 79. Fruit compressed, the lower joint with a pendulous, the upper with an erect seed. Stigma sessile. Radicle accumbent. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals pale-violet or rose-coloured.--Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. =Cakile= Gaertn. Fruit not essentially compressed. Radicle incumbent. Cotyledons folded. Petals white or yellow. 80 80. Upper joint of the fruit with a partition and an erect seed; lower joint 1-2-seeded or seedless. Sepals spreading. Leaves pinnatipartite.--Species 7. North Africa; one species also naturalized in South Africa. (Including _Ceratocnemon_ Coss. et Balansa, _Didesmus_ Desv., _Otocarpus_ Durieu, and _Rapistrella_ Pomel). =Rapistrum= Desv. Upper joint of the fruit without a partition, one-seeded; lower joint seedless. Sepals not saccate. Petals white. 81 81. Upper joint of the fruit tubercled, beaked. Seed erect or pendulous from the top of the cell. Cotyledons not lobed. Sepals suberect. Filaments not toothed. Leaves lobed.--Species 2. North-west Africa. (Including _Kremeria_ Coss.). =Muricaria= Desv. Upper joint of the fruit ribbed or smooth, not beaked. Seed pendulous from the long, ascending funicle. Cotyledons 2-lobed. Sepals spreading.--Species 7. North and East Africa. Some are used as vegetables (sea-kale). =Crambe= L. 82. (77.) Fruit prolonged into a broad beak. Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow, often marked with violet veins. 83 Fruit not distinctly beaked. 87 83. Fruit indehiscent, 1-or 3-celled, with a single perfect seed and usually a rudimentary one below it. Seed oblong. Herbs. Leaves toothed, lobed, or cleft. 84 Fruit dehiscing in 2 valves, completely or incompletely 2-celled, with 2 or more seeds, but the seed of one cell sometimes rudimentary (in this case shrubs). Seeds globose or nearly so. Cotyledons folded. 85 84. Fruit 1-celled, with an oblique, sword-shaped beak.--Species 1. North-east Africa (Egypt). =Schimpera= Hochst. & Steud. Fruit 3-celled, with a broad, hollow, chambered beak.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). =Myagrum= L. 85. Fruit with 2 seeds. Longer filaments united in pairs. Small shrubs. Leaves entire.--Species 1. North-west Africa. =Vella= L. Fruit with 6 or more seeds. Filaments free. Herbs. Leaves divided, at least some of them. 86 86. Fruit with 6-8 seeds and a leaf-like beak. Leaves twice pinnately dissected.--Species 1. North Africa. =Carrichtera= Adans.