Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, terminating in a pitcher. Flowers regular, dioecious. Perianth-segments 4. Stamens 4 or more, with united filaments; anthers 2-celled, opening outwards. Ovary superior, 4-celled. Ovules numerous, axile, inverted. Stigmas 4, sessile, 2-lobed. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a straight, axile embryo and fleshy albumen. Genus 1, species 2. Madagascar and Seychelles. Used as ornamental plants. “Pitcher plant.” =Nepenthes= L. FAMILY 92. DROSERACEAE Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves usually covered with glandular hairs and rolled up in the bud. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-8-lobed or parted, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-8, usually 5, free, clawed, imbricate or contorted in aestivation. Stamens 4-20, as many as or more than the petals, hypogynous or nearly so, free. Anthers usually turned outwards, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovules numerous (10 or more), inverted. Styles or style-branches 2-5. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds albuminous, with a small embryo.--Genera 3, species 15. (Plate 56.) 1. Stamens 10-20. Styles 5, free, with capitate stigmas. Ovules basal or nearly so. Undershrubs. Leaves linear, glandular-hairy, rolled up in the bud. Flowers in corymbs.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco). =Drosophyllum= Link Stamens 4-8. Styles or style-branches 2-5, with not much thickened stigmas. Ovules parietal. Herbs. 2 2. Blade of the leaves jointed to the stalk, folded lengthwise, surrounded by bristles, without glands at the edges. Leaves whorled. Flowers solitary, axillary. Stamens 5. Styles 5, free, with branched stigmas. Ovules few, affixed at the middle of the placentas. Floating water-plants.--Species 1. Upper Nile. =Aldrovanda= L. Blade of the leaves not jointed, flat, rolled up in the bud, bearing long-stalked glands at the edges. Ovules numerous.--Species 13. Southern and tropical Africa. Some species are used in the preparation of liquors and in medicine. “Sundew.” (Plate 56.) =Drosera= L. ORDER ROSALES SUBORDER PODOSTEMONINEAE FAMILY 93. PODOSTEMONACEAE Aquatic herbs resembling mosses or algae. Flowers solitary or in cymes, usually enclosed when young in a spathe, hermaphrodite. Perianth of 2-3 minute scales, rarely larger and 3-parted. Stamens 1-4, hypogynous. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-3-celled, with a central placenta. Ovules numerous, sub-sessile, inverted. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous.--Genera 9, species 25. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 57.) [Illustration: PODOSTEMONACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 57._ J. Fleischmann del. Tristicha alternifolia Tul. _A_ Plant in flower. _B_ Flower. _C_ Flower cut lengthwise.] [Illustration: HYDROSTACHYACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 58._ J. Fleischmann del. Hydrostachys multifida A. Juss. _A_ Plant in flower. _B_ Male flower with its bract. _C_ Female flower, and ovary cut lengthwise. _D_ Fruit. _E_ Seed.]