Undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, small, undivided, without stipules, rarely (_Staavia_) with gland-like stipules. Flowers in heads, more rarely in spikes or racemes or solitary, hermaphrodite, 5-merous, very rarely 4-merous. Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation. Petals free or united below, imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, rarely (_Lonchostoma_) almost superior, 1-3-celled. Ovules 1-4 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style 1-3. Fruit a capsule or nut. Seeds with a copious albumen and a minute embryo next the hilum.--Genera 12, species 55. South Africa. (Plate 63.) 1. Anthers linear or oblong, with parallel, wholly adnate cells. Petals clawed, the claw without distinct glands. Ovary and receptacle (calyx-tube) glabrous. Style 1, with 2-3 punctiform stigmas. [Tribe AUDOUINIEAE.] 2 Anthers sagittate or cordate, with partly free and divergent cells. [Tribe BRUNIEAE.] 4 2. Ovary 3-celled. Ovules 6. Stigmas 3. Connective prolonged beyond the anther-cells, strap-shaped. Receptacle obconical. Petals red. Flowers in head-like spikes. Bracteoles 7-10.--Species 1. Cape Colony. =Audouinia= Brongn. Ovary 2-celled or later on 1-celled. Ovules 4 or 8. Stigmas 2. Connective not prolonged. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Flowers solitary or in racemes. 3 3. Ovary inferior. Receptacle obconical or cupular. Sepals hairy, deciduous. Petals lanceolate. Flowers solitary.--Species 5. South Africa. =Thamnea= Soland. Ovary half-inferior. Ovules 4. Receptacle globular-urceolate. Sepals glabrous, persisting in fruit. Petals obovate, white. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles 6.--Species 1. Cape Colony. =Tittmannia= Brongn. [Illustration: BRUNIACECAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 63._ J. Fleischmann del. Raspalia microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn. _A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Cross-section of ovary.] [Illustration: HAMAMELIDACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 64._ J. Fleischmann del. Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. and Zeyh. _A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise (the petals cut off excepting one). _C_ Cross-section of ovary.] 4. Anthers sagittate. Petals sessile or with a glandless claw. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit consisting of 2 dehiscing parts. Flowers in spikes. 5 Anthers cordate. Petals clawed, the claw with 2 glands. 6 5. Petals with the claws united into a tube. Sepals, anthers, and ovary hairy. Ovary almost superior. Bracteoles 2.--Species 3. Cape Colony. =Lonchostoma= Wickstr. Petals sessile, free. Flowers glabrous. Sepals very short. Ovary almost inferior. Styles free. Bracteoles 4-8.--Species 3. Cape Colony. =Linconia= L. 6. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1. Style and stigma simple. Glands at the base of the petals crest-like. Flowers hairy. Fruit indehiscent. 7 Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2, or a single style with 2 stigmas. Glands at the base of the petals tubercle-or pouch-like. 8