Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple or pinnate, not gland-dotted. Flowers in spikes racemes or panicles, regular. Sepals 2-5. Petals 3-9, free. Disc usually present. Anthers versatile, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Carpels free or united and then forming a several-celled ovary. Ovules 1-2, pendulous or laterally attached. Seeds with a very thin albumen or without albumen.--Genera 16, species 40. Tropical and South Africa. (Under _RUTACEAE_.) (Plate 74.) 1. Carpels 5, free, 2-ovuled. Disc indistinct. Stamens 5-10, without an appendage. Corolla yellow. Fruit drupe-like. Embryo curved, with a large radicle. Shrubs. Leaves undivided.--Species 1. Tropics. [Subfamily =SURIANOIDEAE=.] =Suriana= L. Carpels united at least by the base or the apex of the style, 1-ovuled. Disc distinctly developed. Embryo with a very short radicle. [Subfamily =SIMARUBOIDEAE=.] 2 2. Filaments with a scale-like appendage at the base. [Tribe SIMARUBEAE.] 3 Filaments without a scale at the base. 9 3. Stamens 6-14, twice as many as the petals. Anthers oblong or oval. 4 Stamens 15-18, thrice as many as the petals or more. Anthers linear. Ovaries 5. Style 1. Corolla red. Trees. Leaves pinnate. [Subtribe MANNIINAE.] 8 4. Ovaries and style-tips united. Fruit a drupe with 4-5 stones. Embryo curved. Shrubs. Leaves compound.--Species 2. Central Africa. [Subtribe HARRISONIINAE.] =Harrisonia= (R.Br.) Juss. Ovaries free. Styles united. Fruit consisting of 1-5 nuts or drupes. [Subtribe SIMARUBINAE.] 5 5. Leaves undivided. Flowers in umbels. Calyx 3-5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Petals with contorted aestivation. Filaments with a minute scale at the base. Style long; stigma small, entire. Fruits woody. Trees.--Species 2. Madagascar. Used medicinally. =Samadera= Gaertn. Leaves pinnate. Flowers in racemes or panicles. 6 6. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Filaments with a short scale. Style long; stigma slightly 5-lobed. Leaflets lanceolate, acuminate.--Species 1. West Africa. Yields arrow-poison and is used in medicine. =Quassia= L. Calyx 2-4-lobed or-cleft. Petals with imbricate aestivation. Filaments with a long scale. Style short. Flowers in panicles. 7 7. Calyx 4-, rarely 5-lobed. Petals 4, rarely 5. Fruits woody. Leaflets oblong or obovate.--Species 3. Equatorial regions. The seeds yield a fat. (Under _Quassia_ L.) =Odyendea= (Pierre) Engl. Calyx at first closed, later on unequally 2-4-cleft. Petals 5, rarely 6-9. Stigma 5-parted. Fruits drupe-like.--Species 4. Central Africa. They yield timber, oily seeds, and medicaments. =Hannoa= Planch. 8. Calyx shortly lobed. Anthers shorter than the filaments. Ovaries united below. Leaflets with a spoon-shaped appendage at the tip.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). =Pierreodendron= Engl. Calyx deeply divided. Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovaries free. Leaflets with an awl-shaped appendage at the tip.--Species 1. West Africa. =Mannia= Hook. fil.