1. Receptacle concave; tube-, cup-, or urn-shaped; sepals, petals, and stamens inserted at its upper rim. Sepals 4 and petals 4, valvate in bud. Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit drupaceous, but dehiscent, with a 2-3-celled stone; one cell only fertile.--Species 110. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield timber and odorous resins (especially myrrh) which are used for preparing varnish, incense, and medicines. Some are also used as hedge plants. (_Balsamea_ Gled., _Balsamodendron_ Kunth. including _Hemprichia_ Ehrenb. and _Hitzeria_ Klotzsch). =Commiphora= Jacq. Receptacle flat or convex, usually bearing a free disc, outside of which the sepals and petals are inserted. Leaves pinnate. Trees. 2 2. Flowers 3-merous. Petals valvate in bud. Fruit with a 2-3-celled stone, indehiscent, sometimes only one cell fertile. 3 Flowers 4-5-merous. Fruit with 2-5 stones. 5 3. Fruit depressed, obliquely hemispherical, broader than long, with a lateral style and 1-2 fertile cells; endocarp thin, mesocarp rather thick. Embryo with a short radicle and thick, pinnately divided cotyledons. Stamens inserted outside the thick disc. Ovary 3-celled; one cell sterile.--Species 6. Equatorial West Africa. They yield timber, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under _Pachylobus_ Don or _Santiria_ Blume) =Santiriopsis= Engl. Fruit oblong, ovate, or subglobose. 4 4. Fruit with 2 cells, one of which is sterile, and with a terminal style or style-scar; endocarp thin crusty, mesocarp thick fleshy. Embryo with a long radicle and thick, much divided cotyledons. Ovary 2-celled. Sepals united at the base.--Species 13. West Africa. They yield timber, resin, and edible oily fruits (safu). (Under _Canarium_ L.) (Plate 75.) =Pachylobus= Don Fruit with 3 cells, two of them sometimes sterile; endocarp usually thick, woody or bony; mesocarp usually thin. Embryo with a short radicle and slightly divided cotyledons. Ovary 3-celled. Sepals united high up.--Species 13. Tropics. Some species yield timber, resin (elemi) used in medicine and manufacture, and edible oily fruits and seeds. =Canarium= L. 5. Disc situated outside the stamens. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit top-shaped, with 5 stones, dehiscent.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber and an aromatic resin. =Aucoumea= Pierre Disc situated inside the stamens. 6 6. Petals 4-5, valvate in bud. Ovary 4-5-celled. Fruit globular or ovoid. Species 4. Madagascar and Mascarenes. They yield timber and resin. (_Marignia_ Comm.) =Protium= Burm. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit with 2-3 stones, dehiscent. Flowers hermaphrodite.--Species 15. Central Africa. The resin of several species (frankincense) is used as an incense and in medicine. =Boswellia= Roxb. FAMILY 118. MELIACEAE