Endocarp leathery, not separating from the mesocarp. Seed-coat thick. Leaves undivided, narrow, with numerous parallel side-nerves.--Species 18. Tropical and South Africa. Some yield timber. (_Anaphrenium_ E. Mey.) =Heeria= Meissn. 16. Leaves simple, undivided. Stamens 5. 17 Leaves compound, trifoliolate or pinnate. 18 17. Filaments broadened. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule attached laterally. Styles sickle-shaped, united at the base, with capitate stigmas. Fruit transversely oblong; endocarp very thin. Embryo with thick cotyledons.--Species 1. Madagascar. Used medicinally. =Baronia= Bak. Filaments awl-shaped. Ovary usually 3-celled. Ovule attached at the top of the cell. Stigmas sessile. Fruit oblong; endocarp woody. Leaves opposite or nearly so, with numerous parallel side-nerves.--Species 10. Madagascar and South-east Africa. Some species are poisonous or used medicinally. =Protorhus= Engl. 18. Leaflets 3, toothed. Stamens 5. Ovary compressed. Styles lateral, thread shaped. Fruit winged; endocarp very thin, mesocarp resinous. Shrubs.--Species 1. South Africa. =Smodingium= E. Mey. Leaflets 5 or more. Styles more or less terminal. 19 19. Stamens 4-5. Fruit with a crusty endocarp, a fibrous mesocarp, and a fleshy exocarp. Embryo with a short radicle.--Species 30. Central Africa. Some have edible fruits. (_Emiliomarcelia_ Hel. et Th. Dur.) =Trichoscypha= Hook. fil. Stamens 10. Fruit with a hard endocarp, an oily mesocarp, and a parchment-like exocarp. Embryo with a long radicle. Shrubs.--Species 2. Cultivated in North Africa, the Cape Verde Islands, and the Mascarenes. They yield timber, resin used industrially and medicinally, tanning and dyeing materials, vinegar, syrup, and medicaments. =Schinus= L. 20. (5.) Stamens 5, as many as the petals. Disc consisting of 5 scales. Styles 5. Leaves simple, undivided.--Species 2. West Africa. =Spondianthus= Engl. Stamens 6-15, twice as many as the petals or more. Leaves compound. 21 21. Petals valvate in bud. 22 Petals imbricate in bud. 23 22. Flowers dioecious, 4-merous. Petals lanceolate, with inflexed tips. Male flowers with a sterile ovary and a simple style. Leaflets 3, serrate.--Species 1. Equatorial East Africa. =Spondiopsis= Engl. Flowers polygamous, usually 5-merous. Petals oblong ovate or elliptical, finally recurved. Styles in the female and hermaphrodite flowers 4-5, free. Leaflets 5 or more, usually with a marginal nerve.--Species 4, two of them growing wild in equatorial West Africa, the others cultivated in the tropics. They yield timber, gum, tanning material, medicaments, and edible fruits from which a spirituous drink is prepared. (Including _Antrocaryon_ Pierre). =Spondias= L. 23. Sepals free. Stone of the fruit with 3-4 lids at the top. 24 Sepals more or less united. 25 24. Flowers dioecious, 3-4-merous. Anthers subglobose, versatile. Seeds oblong, terete.--Species 2. Central Africa. The fruits are edible. (Under _Spondias_ L.). =Pseudospondias= Engl.