Pericarp smooth or wrinkled on the inside. Leaves entire. 7 2. Perianth simple, 3-5-parted. Stigma sessile. Leaves palminerved. 3 Perianth, at least in the female flowers, consisting of a sometimes very small calyx and a corolla of united petals. Leaves penninerved. 5 3. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves, hermaphrodite. Stem tuberous, with slightly twining branches. Leaves undivided, wavy at the margin.--Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). =Trematosperma= Urban Flowers in heads or spikes, dioecious. 4 4. Flowers in heads arranged in spikes or panicles. Perianth of the male flowers 3-lobed.--Species 3. West Africa. =Polycephalium= Engl. Flowers in spikes. Perianth usually 4-parted.--Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. =Pyrenacantha= Hook. 5. Calyx minute. Corolla not enlarged in the fruit. Flowers in spikes arising from the lower part of the stem. Leaves oval.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Endacanthus= Baill. Calyx distinctly developed, at least in the female flowers. Corolla enlarged in the fruit. 6 6. Calyx of the male flowers 5-toothed. Petals 5. Filaments rather long. Anthers linear. Flowers in spikes at the nodes of the older branches. Leaves lanceolate.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). =Stachyanthus= Engl. Calyx of the male flowers indistinct or wanting. Petals 4. Filaments short. Anthers ovate. Flowers in spikes or heads. Species 7. West Africa. =Chlamydocarya= Baill. 7. (1.) Flowers dioecious, with a corolla of united petals, with or without a calyx. Stamens with flat filaments; anthers opening inwards. Embryo nearly equalling the albumen. Climbing shrubs, usually with tendrils. Leaves opposite. Flowers in panicles.--Species 6. Tropics. [Tribe IODEAE.] =Iodes= Blume Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, rarely unisexual, but then with a calyx and a corolla of free petals, or without a corolla, and the anthers opening outwards. Embryo usually much shorter than the albumen. Trees or erect, rarely climbing shrubs; in the latter case leaves alternate or flowers in spikes. [Tribe ICACINEAE.] 8 8. Flowers unisexual, dioecious. Calyx 5-partite. Petals minute and free, or wanting. Anthers turned outwards. Ovary with a ring-shaped appendage at the top. Trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers in panicles.--Species 2. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. =Grisollea= Baill. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Perianth consisting of a calyx and a corolla. 9 9. Petals free. Sepals usually united high up. 10 Petals more or less united. Sepals usually united at the base only. 14 10. Embryo nearly as long as the albumen. 11 Embryo much shorter than the albumen. 12 11. Petals bearded within. Disc present. Style long; stigma small or shield-shaped. Fruit with a crusty endocarp. Embryo with flat cotyledons. Shrubs with ascending or somewhat twining branches.--Species 7. Tropics. Some have edible fruits or seeds. =Icacina= Juss.