Female spikelets connate into a spadix with a thick, not jointed rachis. Fruit projecting beyond the membranous glumes, rarely enclosed by leathery glumes.--Species 1 (_Z. Mays_ L., maize or Indian corn). Cultivated for the grain or as a fodder-or ornamental plant. The seeds are also used for the preparation of starch, oil, and spirituous drinks. The leaves and spathes yield fibre. =Zea= L. 33. Spikelets in heads surrounded by 2 or 3 involucral bracts, containing a single hermaphrodite flower. Outer glumes 2, membranous, awnless, the lower one short. Flowering glume larger than the outer glumes, awnless. Stamens 2.--Species 1. North Africa and Senegambia. =Crypsis= Ait. Spikelets in spikes, racemes, or panicles. 34 34. Spikelets arranged singly or in clusters of 3-6, very rarely in pairs, along the continuous rachis of a spike or raceme. Outer glumes 2. [Tribe ZOYSIEAE.] 35 Spikelets arranged in pairs, one sessile, the other stalked, more rarely singly or in clusters of 3 or more, along the more or less distinctly jointed rachis of a spike or raceme or along the branches of a sometimes very narrow (spike-like) panicle. Outer glumes usually 3. [Tribe ANDROPOGONEAE.] 42 35. Spikelets in clusters of 3-6, falling as a whole. 36 Spikelets solitary along the rachis, rarely in pairs. 38 36. Clusters of spikelets enclosed by a hard, urn-shaped involucre formed by the lowest outer glumes. Rachis of the spike wavy.--Species 5. Central and South Africa. =Anthephora= Schreb. Clusters of spikelets without an involucre. 37 37. Clusters containing 2-4 fertile spikelets and a barren one. Outer glumes 1-2, the upper one with hooked spines on the nerves. Rachis of the spike glabrous.--Species 4. (_Nazia_ Adans.) =Tragus= Hall. Clusters containing 1-2 fertile and 2-3 barren, often awn-like spikelets. Outer glume 1, with rough nerves, awned.--Species 1. Southern West Africa (Hereroland). =Monelytrum= Hack. 38. Styles united at the base; stigmas short, feathery. Outer glumes 2, glabrous, with a long awn or awnless. Flowering glume smaller. Spikelets diverging from the rachis.--Species 4. Tropical and South Africa. Used as fodder-grasses. =Perotis= Ait. Styles free or the stigmas elongated and short-haired all round. 39 39. Outer glume 1, compressed, keeled, awnless. Styles free. Spikelets pressed close to the rachis. Leaves stiff.--Species 1. Mascarene Islands. (_Osterdomia_ Neck.) =Zoysia= Willd. Outer glumes 2. 40 40. Outer glumes subulate, with a long awn, short-haired. Flowering glume somewhat shorter, with a rather long awn. Palea slightly shorter than the flowering glume, acuminate. Styles free. Fruit with a large hilum. Spikelets in pairs.--Species 1. Northern East Africa. =Tetrachaete= Chiovenda Outer glumes and flowering glume with a short awn or awnless. 41