The supervisory power before exercised by the Secretary of the Treasury over the accounts of the marshals, clerks, and other officers of all the courts of the United States, was placed in the hands of the new Secretary. The office of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, heretofore attached to the War Department, was also transferred to this; and the powers and duties of the Secretary of War, in relation to Indian affairs, were devolved on the Secretary of the Interior. 4. The Secretaries of War and of the Navy were by the same act relieved of their duties in regard to the Commissioner of Pensions, and those duties were thereafter to be performed by the Secretary of the new department. The Census Bureau, heretofore attached to the State Department, and the duties of the Secretary of State in relation thereto, were also transferred to this department. To the Secretary was also given the supervisory power over the lead and other mines belonging to the United States, heretofore executed by the Secretary of the Treasury. The powers of the President over the Commissioners of Public Buildings were also transferred to him. 5. He was also charged with the control over the Board of Inspectors and Warden of the Penitentiary of the District of Columbia. The Secretary of the Interior has the same power in appointing and removing clerks and other subordinates in his department, that the Secretaries of the other departments had over these several bureaus before they were transferred to this department. This office has a seal, which must be affixed to the commissions of all its subordinate officers. The President and Senate appoint the Assistant Secretaries. From the foregoing it is easy to understand what branches of the public service are conducted in this office, and what are the duties of its Secretary. 6. The following is a list of all who have filled the office of Secretary of the Interior since the establishment of the department: Thomas H. Ewing, Ohio, March 7, 1849. T. M. T. McKennan, Pa., 1850. Alexander H. H. Stuart, Va., Sept. 12, 1850. Robert McClelland, Mich., March 5, 1853. Jacob Thompson, Miss., March 6, 1857. Caleb B. Smith, Ind., March 5, 1861. John P. Usher, Ind., Jan. 7, 1863. James Harlan, Iowa, 1865. Orville H. Browning, Ill., 1866. Jacob D. Cox, Ohio, March 5, 1869. Columbus Delano, Ohio, Nov. 1, 1870. ” ” reappointed March 17, 1873. CHAPTER XXXII. PUBLIC LANDS.