Carlo GOLDONI 1707-1792 Comedies. Pastoral Drama (See below, “Pastoral Eclogues.”) Angelo POLIZIANO fl. 1480 _Orfeo._ TASSO 1544-1595 _Aminta_ (1572) Watson’s _Amyntas_ (1584). Battista GUARINI 1537-1612 _Pastor Fido_ (1585) Many times translated into English, first in 1602. Fletcher’s _Faithful Shepherdess_. Musical Drama (Melodrama, Opera.) Ottavio Rinuccini fl. 1594 _Dafne_ and _Euridice_. Apostolo Zeno 1669-1750 Pietro METASTASIO 1698-1782 Twenty-eight grand operas (_La Semiramide_, etc.). Pastoral Eclogues Battista Spagnoli (MANTUANUS) fl. 1502 Latin eclogues Used by Barclay (1513) and freely by Spenser (_Shepheard’s Calender_), quoted by Holofernes in Shakespeare. Giacomo SANNAZARO 1458-1530 _Arcadia_ (1504) (prose and verse). Original of Sidney’s _Arcadia_. (These revive pastoral poetry among both the French (Marot) and English.) (Marini.) Prose Fiction Giovanni BOCCACCIO 1313-1375 _Decameron_ (100 tales). Suggests plan of Chaucer’s _Canterbury Tales_, and also several of the tales themselves. In Elizabethan times some of them appear in Painter’s _Palace of Pleasure_, whence _All’s Well that Ends Well_ is derived. Well known at all times. Ser Giovanni Publ. 1558 _Pecorone_ Giraldi Cinthio Publ. 1565 _Hecatommithi_ Matteo Bandello, etc. Publ. 1554-1573 _Novelle_ Much read and used by Elizabethans (Greene, Peel, etc. ). The storehouse of dramatic plots. Thus, _Romeo and Juliet_, _Measure for Measure_, _Othello_, etc., are from the Novelle. Other Prose Niccolo MACHIAVELLI 1469-1527 _Il Principe_, _History_, _Discourses on Livy_ _The Prince_ widely read. Bacon was well acquainted with Machiavelli, and takes occasional suggestion from him in the _Essays_. VI OTHER LITERARY INFLUENCES SUMMARIZED (_a_) SPANISH LITERATURE AND ENGLISH The direct and avowed influence of Spain upon English literature has hardly been comparable to that of France or Italy; nevertheless, in its totality, it has been sufficient to demand some concise review. Meanwhile that review necessitates, if less inevitably than in the case of Italy and France, an outline survey of the history of Spanish literature down to the middle of the seventeenth century. After that date the Peninsula, apart from its own lack of progress, cannot be said to count in our literary development.