[49] Cf. especially Chapter Six, an interesting account of the development of armies from ancient times down to to-day, when we have the armed nation. Also Chapter Fourteen, which deals with war and peace as reflected in the writings of ancient and modern poets and philosophers. [50] Erfassen. Nicolai points out that the figurative meaning of the word "erfassen" like that of "apprehend" and "comprehend" [or of the native "grasp"] is a metaphysical extension of the primitive "prehension" by the hand. [51] I ignore, in the text, the abundant proofs Nicolai draws from ethnology and from the history of the lower animals. He shows, for example, that the most primitive peoples, the Bushmen, the Fuegians, the Eskimos, etc., live in hordes even when they display no tendency towards family life. All savages are gregarious in the extreme; solitude is disastrous to them alike physically and mentally. Even civilised man finds solitude hard to bear. [52] _Faust_, Part II, 5. Mephistopheles' words, when he hands over to Faust the proceeds of a voyage. [War, trade, and piracy are trinity in unity--inseparable.] [53] "Everything which exists, above all everything which lives, tends towards immeasurable increase." [54] For unicellular organisms, osmosis imposes a limit; for multicellular organisms there is a mechanical limit to size; for the groupings of individuals to form collectivities, social communities, there is a limit fixed by the amount of available energy. [55] Pp. 160 to 163 [English edition]. [56] On p. 255 [of the English edition] will be found an ethnographical chart of Germany. It is distinctly humorous. [57] This statement requires qualification. The reader is referred to a note at the end of the volume. [58] Jeheber, Geneva, 1915. [59] Buddhist Views of War, "The Open Court," May, 1904. [60] The actual words in my play are: "The nations die that God may live." [61] Nicolai terms them "chance products" (sind nur zufällige Produkte). [62] It is surprising that there is but one mention of Auguste Comte in Nicolai's book; for Comte's Great Human Being is certainly akin to the German biologist's Humanity.