The Forgotten Man, and Other EssaysSumner, William Graham
Science
The Forgotten Man, and Other Essays
Sumner, William Graham
Economics; Social sciences
can understand it, and it offers all sorts of chances for perverse and
mischievous interpretations.
DEMONETIZATION REMOVED NO MONEY FROM USE.
The law of 1873 never threw a dollar of silver or other currency out
of circulation. We hear it asserted that “demonetization” destroyed
half the people’s money. People say this who know nothing of the facts,
but infer that demonetization must mean that some silver dollars which
were money had that character taken from them. No one of the other
demonetizations, which took place in Europe at about the same time,
diminished the money in use. The result of changes in 1873–1874 was
that the amount of silver coin in use in Europe was greatly increased,
and has remained so since.
The resumption of specie payments after 1873 by a number of nations
which had issued paper money in the previous period, and the alternate
expenditure and re-collection of war-hoards of gold, had far greater
importance than the demonetizations.
There has been no diminution of the world’s coined money within
fifty years, but a steady and rapid increase of it. There have been
fluctuations in the production of gold and silver such as belong to the
production of all metals and are inevitable.
THE ALLEGED SCRAMBLE FOR GOLD.
There has been no “scramble for gold.” Those who do not put any
obstacle in the way of gold get more of it than they want. The Bank of
England has had lately the largest stock of gold that it ever had, and
complaints have begun to be heard of a glut. The gold-production in the
last five years is the greatest ever known and there is no fear of any
lack of it, whatever may be the sense in which any one chooses to speak
of a “lack.” There is not and has not been any “scarcity of gold.”
There is no such thing conceivable, except where paper has been issued
in excess, so that it is hard to keep enough gold to redeem it with.
PROOF THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO SCARCITY OF GOLD.
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