The Forgotten Man, and Other EssaysSumner, William Graham
Science
The Forgotten Man, and Other Essays
Sumner, William Graham
Economics; Social sciences
Mr. St. John says that the farmers are spending ten dollars an acre to
get eight or nine dollars an acre. What farmer in the United States can
tell how many dollars he spends on an acre? What is the sense of these
pretendedly accurate figures? But, if they had sense, what would be the
gain of cutting the dollars in two? If the farmer spent twenty silver
dollars on an acre and got back sixteen or eighteen, how would he be
benefited? The dollars of outlay are of the same kind as the dollars
of return in any case. If it is true that the return does not equal
the outlay, it must be on account of some facts of production, and it
requires but a moment’s reflection to see that changing the currency in
which outlay and income are reckoned cannot change the relation between
the two.
A dispassionate view of facts will go to prove that the world is
reasonably and ordinarily prosperous at the present time, except
where particular classes and industries are affected by special
circumstances, as some classes and industries are being affected
at all times. The land-owners of western Europe are in distress
on account of the competition of new land, with cheapened means of
transportation, but now we are told that the holders of the other side
of the competition, the land-owners of the new soil, are victims of
distress. It must be, then, that too much labor and capital are being
expended on the soil the world over, and that, too, in spite of all the
protective tariffs drawing people to the textile and metal industries.
Our silver men say that this is not the correct inference. They say
that the people on the new land suffer because the prices are set in
coins of gold and the debits and credits are kept in terms of those
coins. The prices are fixed in the world’s market in gold. They will be
so fixed, whatever we may do with our coinage laws. If the proceeds, in
being brought home, are converted into silver value, a new opportunity
for brokerage and exchange gambling will be given to the hated bankers
and brokers of Wall Street. That is the only difference which will
be produced. It would be far more sensible to say that distress is
produced by doing the business on the English system of weights and
measures, in bushels and pecks, and that prosperity would be produced
by doing it on the metric system, in litres and hectolitres, for that
charge would at least be harmless. Our distress could all be dispelled
in a week by an act of Congress making all contracts, beyond political
peradventure, that which they are in law and fact, gold contracts.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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