The Forms of Water in Clouds and Rivers, Ice and GlaciersTyndall, John
Science
The Forms of Water in Clouds and Rivers, Ice and Glaciers
Tyndall, John
Clouds; Glaciers; Ice; Rivers; Water
366. We now scamper down the Siedelhorn, get once more into the
valley of Hasli, along which we follow for more than twenty miles
the traces of the ice. Fluted precipices, polished slabs, and
beautifully-rounded granite domes. Right and left upon the mountain
flanks, at great elevations, the evidences appear. We follow the
footsteps of the glacier to the Lake of Brientz; and if we prolonged
our enquiries, we should learn that all the lake beds of this region,
at the time now referred to, bore the burden of immense masses of ice.
367. Instead of the vale of Hasli, we might take the valley of the
Rhone. The traces of a mighty glacier, which formerly filled it,
may be followed all the way to Martigny, which is 60 miles distant
from the present ice. At Martigny the Rhone glacier was reinforced
by another from Mont Blanc, and the welded masses moved onward,
planing the mountains right and left, to the Lake of Geneva, the
basin of which they entirely filled. Other evidences prove that the
glacier did not end here, but pushed across the low country until it
encountered the limestone barrier of the Jura Mountains.
§ 54. _Erratic Blocks._
368. What are these other evidences? We have seen mighty rocks poised
on the moraines of the Mer de Glace, and we now know that, unless
they are split and shattered by the frost, these rocks will, at
some distant day, be landed bodily by the Glacier des Bois in the
valley of Chamouni. You have already learned that these boulders
often reveal the mineralogical nature of the mountains among which
the glacier has passed; that specimens are thus brought down of a
character totally different from the rocks among which they are
finally landed; this is strikingly the case with the _erratic blocks_
stranded along the Jura.
369. For the Jura itself, as already stated, is limestone; there is
no trace of native granite to be found amongst these hills. Still
along the breast of the mountain above the town of Neufchâtel, and at
about 800 feet above the lake of Neufchâtel, we find stranded a belt
of granite boulders from Mont Blanc. And when we clear the soil away
from the adjacent mountain side, we find upon the limestone rocks the
scarrings of the ancient glacier which brought the boulders here.
370. The most famous of these rocks, called the Pierre à Bôt,
measures 50 feet in length, 40 in height, and 20 in width.
Multiplying these three numbers together, we obtain 40,000 cubic feet
as the volume of the boulder.
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