[45] ‘Situated between Yeni Sheïr, Brusa, and Aïnegoel. They count one day from Yeni Sheïr to Yar Hissar by the road which goes to Kutayia’: Hadji Khalfa, fol. 1917. [46] The Ottomans name this place Kuyun Hissar. See Schéfer edition of Spandugino, p. 16 _n._ [47] Pachymeres, IV. 25, p. 327, says the battle was fought July 27. Jorga, _Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches_, i. 157, is in error in placing date June 27; Hammer, i. 190, and Jorga both give year 1301. Muralt, _Chronographie Byzantine_, ii. 480, has this battle under 1302. [48] Pach., IV. 25, p. 335. [49] Cantemir, Rumanian ed., i. 20, seems to infer that Osman attacked Nicomedia after this battle. He is certainly wrong in stating that Osman captured Kutayia. See pp. 274, 292-3. [50] Pach., V. 9; Gregoras, VII, i, p. 214. [51] Pach., in Stritter, _Memoriae Populorum_, iii. 1086-7; D’Ohsson, _Histoire des Mongols_, iv. 315. Andronicus made a second appeal in 1308, and gave his own sister, Marie, who is known to later Mongol historians as ‘Despina Khatun’, to Mohammed Khodabendah Khan, after Khodabendah’s conversion to Islam: ibid., iv. 536; Hertzberg, _Geschichte der Byzantiner und des Osmanischen Reiches_, p. 461. [52] I can find no justification for Howorth’s statement, ‘This alliance seems to have had a restraining influence upon the Turks’, in his _History of the Mongols_, iii. 464. [53] See _Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes_, vi. 318, where the date of this momentous event is given as ‘vers 1305’. [54] Pach., V. 14, pp. 399-400; 21, pp. 410, 417. [55] Pach., V. 23, pp. 426-8; Greg., VII. 3, p. 221. [56] Pach., V. 21, p. 423; Greg., loc. cit. [57] Greg., loc. cit. Cf. Muralt, after Latin authorities, ii. 487. [58] Pachymeres, Books V, VI, and VII; Gregoras, Book VII, _passim_, and Phrantzes, Book I; Moncada, _Expedicion de los Catalanes_; Muntaner, in _Bibliothek des lit. Vereins zu Stuttgart_, vol. viii. For their later adventures there is an excellent account in Finlay, _History of Greece_, iv. 146-56. [59] Andronicus wrote to his empress, urging her not to try to return to Constantinople from Salonika by land: Pach., VII. 12, p. 586; Chalcocondylas (ed. Bonn), I, p. 19. [60] Greg. VII. 8, pp. 254-8; Chalc., I, p. 19; Jorga, op. cit., i. 160, speaks of ‘die schöne mit Perlen und Edelsteinen geschmückte _Krone_’ of Michael. Was it not rather a turban? See Hammer, i. 364, note x. [61] ‘The emperor of Constantinople fears the anger of the Khan of Kapdjak and is eager to disarm him by protestations of submission and efforts to obtain a continuance of the truce. Things have always been on this footing since the children of Djenghiz Khan began to reign in this country’: Shebabeddin, Paris MS., fol. 70 rº. [62] Ducange, _Hist. de Constantinople sous les Emp. Français_, map section, p. 46. [63] Ducange, _Hist. de Constantinople sous les Emp. Français_, map section, p. 54.