[155] Halil Ganem, i. 39. [156] This still holds. In October 1912, on the Seraskerat Square in Constantinople, I saw Sultan Mehmed V give over the command of the army for the Balkan War to Nazim pasha. [157] Col. Djevad bey, p. 18. [158] Bertrandon de la Broquière, Schéfer ed., pp. 220-1. [159] This statement needs especial emphasis, as many historians have followed Chalcocondylas and Bosio in attributing the corsair fleets to Osman and Orkhan. An instance of a careful modern historian making this error is found in Romanin, _Historia documentata di Venezia_, iii. 147, where he says, ‘La lega ... per raffrenare l’ognor erescente potenza _ottomana_.’ [160] In Bongars, _Gesta Dei per Francos_, ii. 313. [161] This letter, from the manuscript in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, is published in _Bibl. de l’École des Chartes_ (1906), lxvii. 587. Other documents on this mission, ibid. (1892), liii. 254-7. [162] See papers of H. Lot in _Bibl. de l’École des Chartes_, 4e série (1859), v. 503-9, and (1875) xxxvi. 588-600. Also Bosio, ii. 58. [163] Raynaldus, Ann. 1334, pp. 17-19. As the repetition of all the negotiations in connexion with papal attempts for crusades cannot be included in the text of my book, I refer the reader to the section on papal negotiations in the Chronological Tables. [164] Deliberation of Senate, November 18, 1333, in _Misti_, XVI, fol. 40. [165] Raynaldus, Ann. 1344, p. 11; Stella (in Muratori), col. 1080; Dandolo, p. 418; Greg., II, p. 686; Cant., III, p. 192; _Mon. Hist. Patr._ x. 757; _Misti_ for 1344, fol. 30; Rymer, _Acta Publica_, vol. ii, part IV, p. 172; _Commemorialia_, iv. 80. [166] For relations of Rhodes with Smyrna from 1347 onwards, see Bosio, _passim_, but especially ii. 80 and 118-19. [167] Serbian chronicles, quoted by von Kállay, _Geschichte der Serben_, i. 66. [168] In the fratricidal war of July 1913, the ignorant Serbian peasants really believed that they were fighting to take from the Bulgarians ‘the sacred soil of the fatherland’, as their newspapers and addresses to the soldiers called Macedonia. The name of St. Stephen was invoked when they went into battle. [169] Orbini, _Il Regno degli Slavi_, p. 259, gives a circumstantial account of the assassination. He says that Stephen gave the order to men who strangled the old king in his cell at midnight. This does not prevent Orbini from saying later of Stephen ‘fu huomo molto pio’! Borschgrave, p. 266, is not certain of Stephen’s connivance. [170] J. Schafarik, _Elenchus actorum spectantium ad historiam Serborum_, XXV-XXVII. [171] I find no documentary authority for the often repeated statement that this coronation took place at Skoplje (Uskub or Scopia). At the time of the recent Balkan War, the Serbians, in order to preserve their friendly relations with Greece, supported the Uskub theory. But see Ljubić, _Monumenta spectantia ad hist. Slavorum meridionalium_, ii. 278, 279, 326; _Commemorialia_, IV; _Secreta Rog._, A. 33.