[273] Chale., I, p. 30, and the chronicle of Rabbi Joseph, i. 240, confuse this battle with that of Cernomen, near the same place and with the same result, in 1370. But there were certainly two distinct battles. Louis of Hungary took part in the first, as is shown by the date recorded at Mariazell and by a diploma in Fejér, _Cod. Dipl. Hung._, 9e partie, vii. 212. Cf. Aschbach, _Geschichte Kaiser Sigmunds_, I. 87. The account in Vambéry’s _Hungary_, Story of Nations Series, p. 171, is wholly wrong. [274] Seadeddin, i. 94. [275] Miltitz, ii. I^{ère} partie, 166. [276] Col. Djevad bey, p. 97, _n._ 1; Engel, _Geschichte Rag._, p. 141; Hammer, i. 231, 405. But this was also Timur’s ordinary method of signing ordinances: cf. Shereffeddin, iv. 55. The document, with the marks of Murad’s hand, is preserved in the museum of the Communal Palace at Ragusa. [277] Villani, x. 30. [278] Cf. Hazlitt, iii. 216. [279] Urban V, _Epp. secr._ iv. 114. [280] ‘Il le print por prisonnyer, et le destint a cause de ce que le roy de Bourgarye sy sestoit accorde et alyez secrettement avecques le turc’: _Chronicques de Savoye_, col. 300. [281] Cf. Jireček, _Geschichte der Bulgaren_, p. 325. [282] Cibrario, _Storia di Savoya_, iii. 193. But I have followed closely the account of the expedition as given in the anonymous French chronicle, cols. 299-319, in _Monumenta Historiae Patriae_, Turin, 1840, vol. i. There is a modern book by Datta. Cf. also Delaville le Roulx, i. 148 f. [283] Urban V, _Epp. secr._ iv. 124. [284] Ibid., iv. 240. [285] Greg., XXV. 17, p. 41. [286] Urban V, _Epp. secr._ ii. 230; Petrarch, _Senilia_, iv. 2. [287] ‘Nescio enim an peius sit amisisse Hierusalem an ita Bizantion possidere. Ibi enim non agnoscitur Christus, hic neglegitur dum sic colitur. _Illi_ (Turcae) _hostes, hi scismatici peiores hostibus_: illi aperte nostrum Imperium detractant: hi verbo Romanam ecclesiam matrem dicunt: cui quam devoti filii sint, quam humiliter Romani pontificis iussa suscipiant, tuus a te ille datus patriarcha testabitur. _Illi minus nos oderunt quam minus metuunt. Isti autem totis nos visceribus et metuunt et oderunt._’ _Senilia_, vol. vii. [288] In the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, and in the Church of the Holy Nativity, Bethlehem, anarchy--even bloodshed--is prevented only by the constant vigilance of the Ottoman military authorities. If one asks the Latin and Greek priests in Jerusalem, they will admit without shame that this statement is true. [289] Miklositch-Müller, _Acta et diplomata graeca_, CLXXXIV. [290] _Epistolae secretae_, vi. 1-10. [291] Ibid., vi. 3.