[327] Sons of a poor Dalmatian nobleman: Ducange, _Familiae Byz._ viii. 294. [328] At Ipek, with an independent patriarch: Engel, _Geschichte von Serbien_, p. 279. [329] Miklositch-Müller, _Acta gr._, CLXII; MS. Wiener Bibl., Gesch. gr., No. 47, fol. 290. [330] Ibid., CLX; ibid., fol. 286. [331] Orbini, p. 275. [332] Engel, op. cit., pp. 321 f. For documented details, Müller, ed. _Byz. Analekten_, pp. 359-64, 405-6, based on Vienna MS. referred to above. [333] Now called Cermen or Tchirman. [334] Svilengrad, now the frontier station of Bulgaria, was known from 1361 to 1913 as Mustapha Pasha. Before the recent Balkan war, it was the frontier railway station of Turkey. [335] But there were certainly two distinct battles here, in 1363 and in 1371. See p. 124, _n._ 2, above. [336] Ducange, op. cit., p. 294; Bialloblotszky’s translation of Rabbi Joseph, i. 240; Klaić, p. 199; Jireček, pp. 329-30. Zinkeisen, i. 224, confuses this battle with the one fought in 1363. [337] In Miklositch, _Chrestomathia palaeoslav._, p. 77. [338] Phr., I. 26, p. 80, gives the capture of these cities in the same campaign as that in which Monastir was acquired, with 1386 as date. But the Serbian chronicles are so explicit here that we can follow them without hesitation, especially as they are seconded by the Ottoman historians. Cf. Hammer, i. 241, and Zinkeisen, i. 229. [339] Pope Gregory XI, writing to Louis of Hungary, May 14, 1372, informed him that the Osmanlis had conquered some parts of Greece, ‘subactis quibusdam magnatibus Rasciae, tum in eis dominantibus’. Rascia was Servia. Theiner, _Monumenta Hungarica_, ii. 115. [340] Gregory XI, _Epp. secr._ ii. 32-3. [341] According to Amilhau and Jireček, who rely on Reynaldus, ann. 1364, XXVIII, this first invasion of the Greek peninsula took place in 1363. But the Turks referred to in that year, probably of the perennial corsair type, could not have been Osmanlis. They were from Aïdin or Sarukhan. [342] Klaić, _Geschichte Bosniens_, p. 200. [343] Hammer, i. 242, 409, places the first relations of Lazar with Murad after the fall of Nish, which he erroneously puts in 1376. See below, p. 161, _n._ 3. [344] Gregory XI, _Epp. secr._ iii. 42. [345] June 15, 1373: Andrea Gataro, in Muratori, xvii, col. 176. [346] Ducas, 12, pp. 43-4; Phr., I. 11, pp. 49-50. [347] Chalc., I, pp. 42-3. But Murad, according to the Collection of Feridun, when he wrote to the Prince of Karamania, stated that Saoudji had been conquered in a pitched battle: MS. Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds turc, No. 79, p. 30. [348] Letter just cited; Chalc., I, pp. 44-5; Phr., I. 12, p. 51. Saoudji is called Kontouz by Ducas, Mosis by Phrantzes, and Saouzis by Chalcocondylas. I cannot find the reading Siaous which Hammer, i. 412, and _n._ lix, attributes to Chalcocondylas. [349] Chalc., I, p. 46; II, p. 69; Phr., I. 12, p. 51; Duc., 12, p. 44. [350] Canale, ii. 16. [351] Clavijo de Gonzáles, 15 vº and 16 rº.