[569] Gibbon and Hammer follow Chalcocondylas in this error. Cf. Berger de Xivrey, in _Mém. de l’Acad. des Inscr._, vol. xix, partie 2, pp. 29-30. [570] Seadeddin, i. 180. [571] Ducas, 13, p. 50; Chalc., II, p. 59; Idris. [572] The land walls of Salonika, still standing, are eloquent proof of the difficulty which confronted their assailants before the days of cannon. [573] Phr., I. 17, p. 64. [574] See p. 199. There is serious difference of opinion as to just when these concessions were made. [575] Feridun collection, letter from Adrianople, ordering kadis to prepare for siege of Constantinople: Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds turc, No. 79, p. 60. [576] Ducas, 14, p. 53; Canale, ii. 62. Leunclavius, _Annales_, p. 52, puts this in 1391/2. [577] Karamzin (Russian ed. of 1819), v. 164. [578] Miklositch-Müller, _Acta Graeca_, DCXXXVI. [579] Ibid., DXIV, DXV, DXVI. [580] Froissart, xvi. 132-3. [581] _Religieux de Saint-Denis_, ii. 559-62, 564. [582] _Secreta Consilii Rogatorum_, E iii. 138, 146, printed in Ljubić, iv. 404. [583] Ibid., p. 137. [584] _Misti_, xliv. 210, xlv. 443; Belgrano, _Arch. Gen._, 1396-1464, pp. 175 f. [585] Ducas, 14, p. 53; Chalc., II, p. 80; Sherefeddin, iv. 38. [586] ‘El Cuirol castello de Grecia está despoblado y destruydo y el dela Turquia está poblado’: Seville ed., 1582, fol. 17 v°. Busbecq, i. 131, wrote: ‘stand two castles opposite each other, one in Europe and the other in Asia.... The former was held by the Turks a long time before the attack on Constantinople.’ Busbecq was, of course, misinformed, as Rumeli Hissar was built in 1452. It is still standing in excellent preservation. Anatoli Hissar, of which only one tower remains intact, was built between 1392 and 1397. There is no way of determining the exact date. But Saladin, in _Manuel de l’Art Musulman_, i. 482, displays his usual inaccuracy concerning facts of Ottoman history, when he gives 1420 as the date for Anatoli Hissar. [587] Phr., I. 14, p. 60; Chalc., II, p. 83; Ducas, 14, p. 53. [588] Venice contemplated action against the Osmanlis with the aid of France, Hungary, and Genoa. Cf. _Secr. Cons. Rog._, E iii. 137-44. [589] _Epp._, v. 26, 99, 293-5. [590] Edition of Seville, 1582, fol. 16 v°-17 r°. [591] My account of this expedition is taken from MS. Bibl. Nat., Paris, fonds fr., No. 11432, _Livre des faicts du bon messire Jean le Maingre, dit Bouciquaut_. For printed editions, see Bibliography. [592] The chronicler makes the most astonishing assertions as to these raids, saying that the chevaliers reached Ak-Seraï! He evidently had no idea of local geography. I have been unable to identify several of the places mentioned.