[678] Hadji Khalfa, in index of his Bibliography, iii. folios 133-5, speaks of more than sixty Arabic genealogies known to him, but in his chronological tables he cites none of them for early Ottoman genealogy. [679] _Dourar-al-Othman_, ‘the precious pearls touching the original source of the Ottoman house’, by Ibn Ali Mohammed-al-Biwy. No date or indication of contents. Hadji Khalfa in _Dictionnaire bibliographique_, Paris MS., i. folio 867. [680] _Introduction à l’histoire d’Asie: Turcs et Mongols_, _passim_. [681] There is a letter of this sort to Bayezid, quoted in Timur’s _Institutes_. Also a letter, given by Sherefeddin, iii. 259-63, near the beginning of which he says: ‘But you whose true origin ends in a Turcoman sailor, _as all the world knows_.’ [682] ‘L’empire des Seljucides s’écroula, et sur ses ruines surgit celui d’Osman,’ Hammer, i. 83. [683] i. 7-13. [684] In the Story of the Nations Series. This book does not do credit to the name of the great scholar whom Orientalists and numismatists universally honour. [685] In the _Allgemeine Staatengeschichte_, Werk 15 (1840-63) and Werk 37 (1908-13). [686] Leunclavius, _Pandectes_. This work will be found in all large libraries, because it is reprinted in volume 159 of Migne’s _Patrologia Graeca Latine_, 715-922. [687] For translations of Cantemir, see Bibliography. The Rumanian translator, Dr. Hodosiu, has reprinted the notes of the various editors of Cantemir, which makes his edition the most valuable. [688] Youssouf Fehmi, _Histoire de la Turquie_, Paris, 1908, p. 11. [689] Halil Ganem, _Les Sultans ottomans_, Paris, 1901, i. 24. [690] ‘Osman verband sich mit der Leibwache in Bagdad, eroberte die Stadt, setzte sich auf den Thron, wodurch er der Beherrscher aller Muhammedaner wurde, und liess dem Chalifen nur die nichts bedeutende geistliche Oberhoheit in Bagdad; er nannte sich Sultan, d. h. Herrscher, und starb 729 (1328 n. Chr.).’ Prof. F. Wüstenfeld, _Geschichte der Türken_, &c., Leipzig, 1899, pp. 15-16. [691] Reineccius thought that this name must be common to all the Sultans of Konia. It does not appear for others than Kaï Kobad II in the Arabic genealogies. Leunclavius is so confused by the discrepancy here that he concludes that the Ottoman historians must have given the name indiscriminately to all the Sultans! (_Pandectes_, 106). Hadji Khalfa, _Djihannuma_, folio 1790, speaking of Amassia, says that its fortress was repaired by ‘Sultan Alaeddin the Seljucide’. It is typically Ottoman to be vague about names as well as about dates. Hadji Khalfa frequently speaks of an Ottoman Sultan, whose name is duplicated, without any following ordinal. There is often no clue in the context to identify the Sultan to whom he refers. [692] As the year of the Hegira began in June in 1240, there is the alternative of reckoning the Christian era a year later during the middle period of this century. But I have not thought necessary to indicate this alternative each time.