Phascolomys, 203, 212; Pig, 115, 217; --in oceanic islands, 70; --run wild at St Helena, 172; Pole-cat, aquatic, 128 _n._, 132 _n._; Porpoise, paddle of, 38, 214; Rabbit, 74, 113, 236; Rat, Norway, 153; Reindeer, 125; Rhinoceros, 148; --abortive teeth of, 45, 231; --three oriental species of, 48, 249; Ruminantia, 137 and _n._; Seal, 93 _n._, 131; Sheep, 68, 78, 117, 205; --Ancon variety, 59, 66, 73; --inherited habit of returning home to lamb, 115; --transandantes of Spain, their migratory instinct, 114, 117, 124 _n._; Squirrel, flying, 131; Tapir, 135, 136; Tuco-tuco, blindness of, 46, 236; Whale, rudimentary teeth, 45, 229; Wolf, 71, 72, 82; Yak, 72 Metamorphosis, literal not metaphorical, 41, 217 Metamorphosis, _e.g._ leaves into petals, 215 Migrants to new land, struggle among, 33, 185 Migration, taking the place of variation, 188 Monstrosities, as starting-points of breeds, 49, 59; their relation to rudimentary organs, 46, 234 Morphology, 38, 215; terminology of, no longer metaphorically used, 41, 217 Mutation, _see_ Sports Natural selection, _see_ Selection Nest, bird's, _see_ Instinct Ocean, depth of, and fossils, 25, 195 Organisms, gradual introduction of new, 23, 144; extinct related to, existing in the same manner as representative existing ones to each other, 33, 192; introduced, beating indigenes, 153; dependent on other organisms rather than on physical surroundings, 185; graduated complexity in the great classes, 227; immature, how subject to natural selection, 42, 220, 228; all descended from a few parent-forms, 52, 252 Organs, perfect, objection to their evolution, 15, 128; distinct in adult life, indistinguishable in embryo, 42, 218; rudimentary, 45, 231, 232, 233; rudimentary, compared to monstrosities, 46, 234; rudimentary, caused by disuse, 46, 235; rudimentary, adapted to new ends, 47, 237 Orthogenesis, 241 _n._ Oscillation of level in relation to continents, 33, 34 _n._, 189 Pallas, on parentage of domestic animals, 71 Pampas, imaginary case of farmer on, 32, 184 Perfection, no inherent tendency towards, 227 Plants, _see also_ Flora; fertilisation, 70; migration of, to arctic and antarctic regions, 167; alpine and arctic, migration of, 31, 166; alpine, characters common to, 162; alpine, sterility of, 13, 101