New England -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
These troubles, which occupied their minds in the early summer of 1623,
were soon followed by the arrival of Captain West, who had been
commissioned Admiral of New England, and sent to collect license fees
from the fishermen along the coast. These proved to be “stuborne
fellows,” however, and the only result of West's brief attempt at
authority was to bring up anew in Parliament the fight for free fishing
and the opposition to the monopoly created by the New England Council.
Robert Gorges also came over as Governor of New England, accompanied by
the Rev. William Morell, who was to superintend ecclesiastical affairs
in the interest of the Church of England; but, although Gorges spent the
winter at Weston's abandoned site, nothing more came of this
high-sounding scheme to govern the wilderness.
Among the passengers in the Anne, which arrived at Plymouth in the same
summer of 1623, were some few who were not to belong to the general
body, or be subject to the rules of joint trading, but came on “their
perticuler,” as Bradford describes it. An agreement was soon made with
them, debarring them from the Indian trade until the period of joint
trading should end, and otherwise defining their status in the
community. Such an anomalous group within the body politic naturally
tended to trouble, nor were leaders lacking who endeavored to fan the
sparks into a blaze. Among the “perticulers” was a rough-and-ready
trader named John Oldham, a man of considerable practical ability, but
heady, self-willed, and of an ungovernable temper. In the following
spring appeared also a canting hypocritical clergyman, John Lyford by
name, who seems to have been a sort of lascivious Uriah Heep. Pretending
great humility, he was honorably received by the Pilgrims, as they
thought befitting a clergyman, and was given a seat in the Governor's
Council. Soon, however, he and Oldham joined forces, and gathered
together the various malcontents of the colony, without any very clear
idea, apparently, beyond that of fishing in troubled waters, in the hope
of making some profitable catch. The waters were troubled enough at this
juncture, for the factions among the Adventurers at home were then at
their height. To the party there adverse to the Pilgrim interest, Oldham
and Lyford dispatched letters, containing matter distinctly inimical to
the established order. These were read and copied by Bradford, in the
cabin of the ship which was to bear them, unknown to the senders. The
latter, indeed, had some suspicions, and “were somewhat blanke at it,
but after some weeks, when they heard nothing, they were as brisk as
ever,” like boys relieved from the fear of having been caught in
mischief. In fact, they became so brisk that Oldham, when called upon to
do his turn of guard duty by Standish, refused and raised a tumult.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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