that island had risen to nearly nineteen thousand in another decade, whereas that of Massachusetts had reached only fourteen thousand. Footnote 266: _Cal. State Pap., Col., 1574-1660_, p. 26; _A Century of Population Growth_ (Census Bureau, 1909), p. 9; C. P. Lucas, _Historical Geography of the British Colonies_ (Oxford, 1905), vol. II, pp. 13, 179. Footnote 267: _Century of Population_, p. 9; F. B. Dexter, “Estimates of Population in American Colonies,” _American Antiquarian Society Proceedings_, 1889, vol. V, pp. 25, 32; Lucas, _Historical Geography_, pp. 142 _f._ 181. In 1645, there were 18,300 effective men in Barbadoes, which would indicate a much larger population. The population is given as 30,000 whites in 1650. F. W. Pitman, _Development of the British West Indies_ (Yale Univ. Press, 1917), p. 370. Footnote 268: Winthrop Papers, _Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll._, Series V, vol. VIII, p. 22. [Illustration: Streams of Emigration from England, 1620 to 1642] If, in addition, we recall the fact that, approximately, not more than one in five of the adult males who went even to Massachusetts was sufficiently in sympathy with the religious ideas there prevalent to become a church member, though disfranchised for not doing so, we find that in the “great migration” the Puritan element, in the sense of New England church-membership, amounted to only about four thousand persons out of about sixty-five thousand. In the wider sense, indeed, Puritanism, in its effect on legal codes and social usages, is found present, in greater or less degree, in almost all the colonies, island and mainland, but the influence of the form that it took in New England was to be wholly disproportionate upon the nation which evolved from the scattered continental settlements.