It is obvious that, if there is a four-dimensional space, matter in
three dimensions only is a mere abstraction; all material objects
must then have a slight four-dimensional thickness. In this case the
above statement will undergo modification. The material cube which is
used as the model of the boundary of a tesseract will have a slight
thickness in the fourth dimension, and when the cube is presented to
us in another aspect, it would not be a mere surface. But it is most
convenient to regard the cubes we use as having no extension at all in
the fourth dimension. This consideration serves to bring out a point
alluded to before, that, if there is a fourth dimension, our conception
of a solid is the conception of a mere abstraction, and our talking
about real three-dimensional objects would seem to a four-dimensional
being as incorrect as a two-dimensional being’s telling about real
squares, real triangles, etc., would seem to us.
The consideration of the two views of the brown cube shows that any
section of a cube can be looked at by a presentation of the cube in
a different position in four-dimensional space. The brown faces in
_b__{1}, _b__{2}, _b__{3}, are the very same brown sections that would
be obtained by cutting the brown cube, _wh__{0}, across at the right
distances along the blue line, as shown in fig. 108. But as these
sections are placed in the brown cube, _wh__{0}, they come behind one
another in the blue direction. Now, in the sections _wh__{1}, _wh__{2},
_wh__{3}, we are looking at these sections from the white direction—the
blue direction does not exist in these figures. So we see them in
a direction at right angles to that in which they occur behind one
another in _wh__{0}. There are intermediate views, which would come in
the rotation of a tesseract. These brown squares can be looked at from
directions intermediate between the white and blue axes. It must be
remembered that the fourth dimension is perpendicular equally to all
three space axes. Hence we must take the combinations of the blue axis,
with each two of our three axes, white, red, yellow, in turn.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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