_Wagon-road, canal, and river_ improvement grants (provision for the narrow strips of common that intersect each other at every mile of the settled parts of the valley).................................. 9,700,000 _Railroad grants_ for the subsidizing of the private building of railways chiefly up and down and across the valley.............................. 117,600,000 _Swamp-land grants_ (being tracts of wet or overflowed lands given to the various States for reclamation)............................................. 65,700,000 _School grants to States_ (those which we have been considering)....................................... 69,000,000 _Other grants to States_ (largely for educational purposes)........................................ 20,600,000 _Military and naval land warrants_........................... 61,000,000 _Scrip_ issued for various purposes (chiefly in view of service to the government)......................... 9,300,000 _Allotment to individual Indians_............................ 15,100,000 _Mineral lands_ (under special entries)....................... 1,700,000 _Homestead entries_ (that is, by settlers taking claims under homestead acts of which I shall speak later)........................................... 96,500,000 _Timber-culture entries_ (final).............................. 9,700,000 _Timber and stone entries_.................................... 7,600,000 _Cash entries_, including entries under the preemption and other acts................................... 276,600,000 _Reservoir rights of way_....................................... 300,000 _Forest reserves_ (tracts of forest land permanently reserved from sale).............................. 57,900,000 For national reclaiming purposes............................. 39,911,000 Reserved for public purposes (public buildings, forts, etc.).................................................. 6,700,000 _Indian reservations_........................................ 73,000,000 _Entries pending_............................................ 39,500,000 _Unappropriated public land_................................ 841,872,377 _Total (including Alaska)_................................ 1,852,683,377 By June 30, 1912, homestead entries had increased to 127,800,000 acres; timber and stone entries to 13,060,000 acres; forest reserves to 187,400,000 acres, and there was left 682,984,762 acres, more than half of which was in Alaska; that is, of the billion and a half of acres, exclusive of Alaska, over a billion have been sold to private uses, granted in aid of private enterprises, used for public improvements, appropriated forever to public uses, or given to the support of education.