--But that is not sufficient: when, in the suppression
of feudal rights, the legislator's thoughts are taken up with the
creditors, he has only half performed his task; there are two sides to
the question, and he must likewise think of the debtors. If he is
not merely a lover of abstractions and of fine phrases, if that which
interests him is men and not words, if he is bent upon the effective
enfranchisement of the cultivator of the soil, he will not rest content
with proclaiming a principle, with permitting the redemption of rents,
with fixing the rate of redemption, and, in case of dispute, with
sending parties before the tribunals. He will reflect that the
peasantry, jointly responsible for the same debt will find difficulty
in agreeing among themselves; that they are afraid of litigation; that,
being ignorant, they will not know how to set about it; that, being
poor, they will be unable to pay; and that, under the weight of discord,
distrust, indigence, and inertia, the new law will remain a dead letter,
and only exasperate their cupidity or kindle their resentment. In
anticipation of this disorder the legislator will come to their
assistance; he will interpose commissions of arbitration between them
and the lord of the manor; he will substitute a scale of annuities for a
full and immediate redemption; he will lend them the capital which they
cannot borrow elsewhere; he will establish a bank, rights, and a mode of
procedure,--in short, as in Savoy in 1771, in England in 1845,[2219] and
in Russia in 1861, he will relieve the poor without despoiling the rich;
he will establish liberty without violating the rights of property; he
will conciliate interests and classes; he will not let loose a brutal
peasant revolt (Jacquerie) to enforce unjust confiscation; and he will
terminate the social conflict not with strife but with peace.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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