Industry, captains of, and large undertakings, 258, 259, 260; control, 318 Inland waterways, 202 Insurgent movement, 327 Intellectual life and the frontier, 37 Intercolonial congresses, 15 Interior and coast, antagonisms, 110 Internal commerce, 171, 188 Internal improvements, 27, 28, 29, 111, 170, 172, 216, 257; after 1812 to break down barrier to West, 195; Old West, 109 Internal trade, Old West, 108, 109 Iowa, 141, 143; elements and growth, 229; settlement, 137 Ipswich, 56 Irish, 350 Iron mines in Middle West, 152 Iron ore, 313 Iroquois Indians, 13, 80 Irrigation, 258, 279 Isms, 239 Izard, Ralph, 274 Jackson, Andrew, 105, 168, 173, 189, 206, 213, 216, 241, 252, 253, 268, 326; personification of frontier traits, 252, 254 Jackson, Stonewall, 105 Jacksonian democracy, 192, 302, 342-343 James River, 84, 90; settlement, 93 Jefferson, Thomas, 93, 105, 114, 268; conception of democracy, 250, 251; on England and the Mississippi, 186; on the pioneer in Congress, 253; on the importance of the Mississippi Valley, 188 "Jim River" Valley, 145 Johnson, R. M., 192 Johnson, Sir William, 81, 104 Justice, direct forms in the West, 212 Kansas, 142, 144, 146, 151; Populists, 238; settlers, 237 Kansas City, 151 Kentucky, 19, 122, 162, 167, 168, 169, 192, 225, 253; slavery, 174 King Philip's War 40, 46, 69 Kipling, Rudyard, "Foreloper," 270; "Son of the English," 262 Labor, combinations, 245; composition of laboring class, 316 Labor theorists, 303, 326 Lamar, L. Q. C. (1825-1893), 25 Lancaster, Mass., 48, 57, 61 Land, 328-329; abundance, 274; abundance, as basis of democracy, 191, 192; alien tenure, 110; free, exhausted, 244-245; free Western, 211, 259; fundamental fact in Western society, 211; "mongering," 61; _see also_ Public lands Land companies, 123, 347 Land grants, 9; for schools and colleges, 74; to railroads, 276 Land Ordinance of 1785, 132 Land policies, 10 Land system, "equality" principle in New England, 61, 62, 63; Georgia, 97; later federal, 123; New England, 54; New England conflicts, 75; New York State, 80; North Carolina, 95; Old West, 122; Pennsylvania, 101; Virginia, 91; Virginia grants to societies, 85 La Salle, 180 Laurentide glacier, 129 Law and order, 298, 344 Leadership, 213, 291, 292, 307; educated, 286 Lease, Mary Ellen, 240 Legislation, 277, 307; frontier and, 24; Leicester, 59 Leigh, B. W., 115 Lewis and Clark, 13, 17 Liberty, Bacon on, 286; for universities, 287; individual, 213; Western, 212 Life as a whole, 287 Lincoln, Abraham, 105, 135, 142, 174, 206, 213, 217, 225, 241, 268, 304, 356; Douglas debates, 230; embodiment of pioneer period, 255-256; Ohio Valley, influence of, 175 Lincoln, C. H., 113 Litchfield, 71, 76, 124 Livingston manor, 81, 82 Locofocos, 303, 326, 348 Log cabin, 338 "Log cabin campaign," 173 London Company, 301 Loria, Achille, 11 Louisiana, 180, 208