The Frontier in American HistoryTurner, Frederick Jackson
History
The Frontier in American History
Turner, Frederick Jackson
Frontier and pioneer life -- United States; Frontier thesis; United States -- History; United States -- Territorial expansion
The advance across the fall line from the coast was, in North Carolina,
much slower than in Virginia. After the Tuscarora War (1712-13) an
extensive region west from Pamlico Sound was opened (1724). The region
to the north, about the Roanoke, had before this begun to receive
frontier settlers, largely from Virginia. Their traits are interestingly
portrayed in Byrd's "Dividing Line." By 1728 the farthest inhabitants
along the Virginia boundary were frontiersmen about Great Creek, a
branch of the Roanoke.[94:3] The North Carolina commissioners desired to
stop running the line after going a hundred and seventy miles, on the
plea that they were already fifty miles beyond the outermost inhabitant,
and there would be no need for an age or two to carry the line farther;
but the Virginia surveyors pointed out that already speculators were
taking up the land. A line from Weldon to Fayetteville would roughly
mark the western boundary of North Carolina's sparse population of forty
thousand souls.[95:1]
The slower advance is explained, partly because of the later settlement
of the Carolinas, partly because the Indians continued to be troublesome
on the flanks of the advancing population, as seen in the Tuscarora and
Yemassee wars, and partly because the pine barrens running parallel with
the fall line made a zone of infertile land not attractive to settlers.
The North Carolina low country, indeed, had from the end of the
seventeenth century been a kind of southern frontier for overflow from
Virginia; and in many ways was assimilated to the type of the up-country
in its turbulent democracy, its variety of sects and peoples, and its
primitive conditions. But under the lax management of the public lands,
the use of "blank patents" and other evasions made possible the
development of large landholding, side by side with headrights to
settlers. Here, as in Virginia, a great proprietary grant extended
across the colony--Lord Granville's proprietary was a zone embracing the
northern half of North Carolina. Within the area, sales and quit-rents
were administered by the agents of the owner, with the result that
uncertainty and disorder of an agrarian nature extended down to the
Revolution. There were likewise great speculative holdings, conditioned
on seating a certain proportion of settlers, into which the frontiersmen
were drifting.[95:2] But this system also made it possible for agents of
later migrating congregations to establish colonies like that of the
Moravians at Wachovia.[95:3] Thus, by the time settlers came into the
uplands from the north, a land system existed similar to that of
Virginia. A common holding was a square mile (640 acres), but in
practice this did not prevent the accumulation of great estates.[96:1]
Whereas Virginia's Piedmont area was to a large extent entered by
extensions from the coast, that of North Carolina remained almost
untouched by 1730.[96:2]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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