The Frontiers of Language and Nationality in EuropeDominian, Leon
History
The Frontiers of Language and Nationality in Europe
Dominian, Leon
Europe -- Languages; Nationalism
Farther east, descendants of Lusatian and Silesian peasants still
use the vernacular of their ancestors in the upland formed by the
Iser Gebirge and the Riesen Gebirge. In modern times the valleys
of these mountains yield a steady stream of German-speaking
inhabitants to the industrial towns of the southern plain. The
German workingman’s competition with his Bohemian fellow laborer
is keen in this district, but it has not been marked by a notable
advance of the Teutonic idiom.
Linguistically the Bohemians and Moravians form a unit hemmed in
by Germans on all sides except the east, where they abut against
their Slovak kinsmen. Community of national aspirations, under the
leadership of the Bohemian element, is generally ascribed to these
three Slavic groups. The union has been fostered by the lack of a
literary language among Moravians, who have adopted the Bohemian
alphabet and style. With the Slovaks[144] inferiority of numbers
helped the spread of the Bohemian language and literature.
The Czech linguistic area presents homogeneity of composition
which is seldom encountered in other parts of Austria-Hungary.
Intermingling of Slavic and Teutonic elements has been slight
in this advanced strip of Slavdom. Overlapping of German is
met in belts generally parallel to the political divide. It is
particularly noticeable in the angle formed by the junction of the
Böhmerwald and Erzgebirge near the western linguistic divide, where
it almost attains the town of Pilsen.[145] Beyond, in a northerly
direction, the volcanic area characterized by thermal springs
lies within the German line. Reichenberg, a strenuous center of
Teutonism, maintains easterly and westerly prongs of German in
the Iser-Riesen uplifts and the Elbe valley, respectively. The
German of Silesia spreads into Moravia along the Zwittau-Olmütz-Neu
Titschen line.
A short stretch of the linguistic boundary coincides with the
political frontier in the neighborhood of Taus, but the rest of
the southern Böhmerwald overlooking Bohemian levels is German in
speech from the crests to the zone in which widening of the valleys
becomes established. The disappearance of this mountainous chain,
in southern Moravia, coincides with a southerly extension of Czech
in the valley of the March. Contact with Slovak dialects begins in
the Beskid area.
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