The Frontiers of Language and Nationality in EuropeDominian, Leon
History
The Frontiers of Language and Nationality in Europe
Dominian, Leon
Europe -- Languages; Nationalism
The Kizilbash are closely affiliated with the Bektash
confraternity, a once powerful Islamic organization which still
owns a large number of convents (tekkes) and churches in Turkey.
Indiscriminate use of the two names has led to much confusion in
the writings of travelers. It seems preferable to restrict the
name of Kizilbash to the group of Anatolian people whose mountain
origin is amply proven by somatic traits and whose cultural
development denotes amalgamation with invaders of the table-land.
The term Bektash can then be applied to the form of religion to
which this people adheres at present. The connection is probably
founded on the ease with which Bektash proselytism drew recruits
from among Kizilbash populations. In the light of this distinction
the so-called Bektash people of the Lycian mountains are merely a
sub-group of the Kizilbash, to whom they are related in part by
race, language and religion.
The Balikis, or Belekis, living on the southern fringe of
Sasun,[227] are probably also a remnant of the old highland
population. The Mohammedanism they profess is tainted with dim
reminiscences of Christian worship and was probably adopted as a
self-preservatory measure. Religious beliefs weigh lightly however
on this community. Its members possess neither church nor mosque.
A term of residence among them would probably enable an observer
to discover survival of very ancient customs. The passing traveler
can do little more than note the unusual freedom with which their
women go about unveiled or note the mixture of Arabic, Kurdish and
Armenian words in their language.
The Avshars, descended from Persian immigrants mingled with native
hill populations, are settled mainly on the eastern slopes of the
Anti-Taurus facing the northern end of the Binbogha range.[228] The
two elements which are blended in this people are also represented
in their religion. The newcomers brought Shiite Mohammedanism
and insured the predominance of their views over the relics of
the nature cults of the aboriginal groups. Traces of Christian
influence are observable in their daily life. Around Cesarea these
Avshars give the shape of a cross to the loaves of unleavened bread
they bake. In view of the deep-rooted aversion of Mohammedans
towards any trace of Christian symbolism, it is evident that we
are here in the presence of an old-established usage rather than
one adopted in post-Mohammedan times. But in speech, custom and
occupation the community differs in no respect from neighboring
Turks.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account