The Frontiers of Language and Nationality in EuropeDominian, Leon
History
The Frontiers of Language and Nationality in Europe
Dominian, Leon
Europe -- Languages; Nationalism
The defining of an independent Hungary presents little confusion if
approached from the main highway of geography. Agreement between
the land and its inhabitants appears to exist here, for the Magyar
is, in the first place, a lowlander accustomed to live within the
precincts of a fertile plain. He has always shunned the mountain
and is rarely to be met above the 600-foot contour. As soon as the
hills to the north of the vast field of his birth are attained
he disappears, leaving a few officials to represent him. Slovak,
Rumanian and Ruthenian hillmen then come upon the scene. On the
western side, west of the Raab, the heights drained by the river
are peopled by Germans and, in spite of a complex boundary zone,
a convenient line of demarcation could be drawn upon the basis
of elevation. Southward the old-time utility of the Drave as the
dividing line between Croat and Hungarian remains unimpaired to
this day. In the east, however, around the confluence of this river
with the Danube and towards the Theiss valley the swamp lands have
repelled the ease-loving Hungarian as effectively as the mountains
to the east and north. The Serb, less particular in his choice of
residence, advanced northward as far as the swampy land extends. In
this section any physical map contains the data for a territorial
division.
With regard to Transylvania, conditions may be summarized as
follows: the region is scantily populated, valleys constituting
centers of human habitation almost exclusively. The inhabitants are
overwhelmingly Rumanians.[277] The dominating Hungarian element
inhabits isolated communities in their midst. This separation of
the rival peoples is of the utmost interest in boundary revision,
for which it provides a reliable geographical basis. Wallis has
ingeniously shown[278] that a line separating the majority of
Hungarians from Rumanians can be obtained by taking language as
a guide and that this is possible because there exists no mixing
of peoples in the eastern borderland of Hungarian language. In
reality, throughout Hungary the only element that has insinuated
itself in the midst of Hungarian, Rumanian or Slav populations is
the German. This element is generally absorbed except where present
in large numbers. The Magyar, however, has never mingled with his
neighbors. One is almost led to seek the reason for his aloofness
in his Asiatic origin.
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