The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations: A Comparative Research Based on a Study of the Ancient Mexican Religious, Sociological, and Calendrical SystemsNuttall, Zelia
Religion
The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations: A Comparative Research Based on a Study of the Ancient Mexican Religious, Sociological, and Calendrical Systems
Whilst the foregoing illustrations amply prove that the natives associated
the curved and rounded form with water as moved by air, it must be noticed
that in Mexico and Yucatan, as well as in Brazil and Guiana, plain water
was figured by a series of parallel zigzag or undulated lines. For these
reasons I infer that the symbolical design, representing actual waves,
always expressed the union of air and water, and was therefore emblematic
of the cult of the upper elements, or the Above. It is unfortunate that,
in Mexico, no vestiges remain of the circular temples which were
particularly dedicated to Quetzalcoatl=the divine twin or lord of the twin
upper elements=air and water. Doubtlessly they were appropriately
decorated with horizontal bands exhibiting the sacred design. The ruined
condition of Central American round temples scarcely justifies the hope
that such a verification can be made. At the same time the round temple on
a square base, with its peculiar ground plan, was, of itself, an image of
the Above and of central rule extending to the four quarters (fig. 30, p.
97). That the air and water design was actually employed in America as a
frieze on sacred edifices is proven, however, by more than one
illustration in the Vienna Codex and other native MSS. (fig. 35, _c_). We
also see the design decorating the painted drinking bowls named xicalli
which were employed in the distribution of the sacred pulque or octli at
certain religious festivals. As the Mexican name given to the design
itself is xical-coliuhqui, it seems as though it was most popularly known
as the “twisted or winding pattern” of the sacred drinking vessels.
Having originated, as I have shown, from the simplest observation of the
action of air upon a surface of water, it is but natural that the same
design should have independently originated in several localities. It is,
nevertheless, worth mentioning here that the dome of one of the most
beautiful of ancient Greek remains, the choragic monument of Lysicrates,
or lantern of Demosthenes at Athens, is surrounded by a band or fascia,
cut into the water design. It is evident that, seen against the sky, this
graphically represented the curling waves of water “on summer seas,” and
this was evidently the most primitive method of employing this form of
symbolical decoration which is more familiar when executed in solid
masonry stucco, as a frieze.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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