=Staining of Capsules.=--_Räbiger’s Method._--Films of the organism to show capsules should be _freshly prepared, dried but not fixed_. Material is usually obtained from milk or blood. A drop of the fluid is placed on the middle of a slide about one-fourth of the distance from one end. The narrow edge of another clean slide is placed in this drop and then drawn lengthwise across the slide with firm pressure. This gives a _thin layer_ which is necessary if good results are to be expected. The preparation is covered with a _freshly prepared_ saturated solution of gentian violet in formalin and this allowed to stain for 30 seconds. Then wash _lightly_, dry and examine. The organisms appear deeply violet and much larger than with ordinary stains and capsules are well stained and show well. _Welch’s Method._--Prepare films as in the above method. Cover with glacial acetic acid for 10 to 20 seconds. Wash off the acid with carbol-fuchsin. Wash the stain off with physiological normal salt solution (0.85 per cent.) until all surplus stain is removed. Dry and examine. Capsules and bacteria are red. =Staining of Flagella.=--The rendering of flagella visible is considered one of the most difficult processes in staining. Experience of a number of years during which whole classes numbering from one hundred to three hundred students accomplish this result shows that it is no more difficult than many other staining processes. The essentials are: (1) clean slides, (2) young cultures on agar slopes, (3) freshly prepared mordant and stain which are kept free from precipitate, (4) gentle heating. The author’s students are furnished only stock materials and make their own cultures, mordants and stains.