The Gaming Table: Its Votaries and Victims. Volume 2 (of 2)Steinmetz, Andrew
History
The Gaming Table: Its Votaries and Victims. Volume 2 (of 2)
Steinmetz, Andrew
Gambling
The ancient cards of both Spain and France, particularly the
'court-cards,' exhibit strong marks of the age of chivalry; but here
we may observe that the word is written by some ancient writers,
'coate-cards,' evidently signifying no more than figures in particular
dresses. The giving pre-eminence or victory to a certain suit, by the
name of 'trump,' which is only a corruption of the word 'triumph,' is
a strong trait of the martial ideas of the inventors of these games. So
that, if the Chinese started the idea, it seems clear that the French
and Spanish improved upon it and gave it a plain significance; and there
is no reason to doubt that cards were actually employed to amuse Charles
VI. in his melancholy and dejection.
The four suits of cards are supposed to represent the four estates of
a kingdom:--1. The nobility and gentry; 2. The ecclesiastics or
priesthood; 3. The citizens or commercial men; 4. The peasantry or
Husbandmen. The nobility are represented in the old Spanish cards by
the espada, or sword, corrupted by us into 'spades,'--by the French with
piques, 'pikes or spears.' The ecclesiastical order is pointed out by
copas, or sacramental cups, which are painted in one of the suits of old
Spanish cards, and by coeurs, or 'hearts,' on French cards, as in
our own--thereby signifying choir-men, gens de choeur, or
ecclesiastics--from choeur de l'eglise, 'the choir of the church,' that
being esteemed the most important part or the HEART of the church.
The Spaniards depicted their citizens or commercial men under dineros,
a small coin, an emblem very well adapted to the productive classes; the
French by carreaux, squares or lozenges--importing, perhaps, unity
of interest, equality of condition, regularity of manners, and the
indispensable duty of this class of men to deal with one another 'on the
square.' The Spaniards made bastos, or knotty clubs, the emblem of the
'bold peasantry,' taken probably from the custom that the plebeians
were permitted to challenge or fight each other with sticks and
quarter-staves only, but not with the sword, or any arms carried by a
gentleman; while the French peasantry were pointed out under the ideas
of husbandry, namely, by the trefles, trefoil or clover-grass. So much
for the SUITS.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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