The genetic and the operative evidence relating to secondary sexual charactersMorgan, Thomas Hunt
Science
The genetic and the operative evidence relating to secondary sexual characters
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
Genetics; Poultry; Sex (Biology)
13. The color of the F₁ birds is shown in plate 2, figs. 1 and 2. In
general, the feathers are stippled, black and light yellow being the two
most conspicuous ingredients. Since hen-feathering dominates, the
dimorphism is absent, or at least is so slight as to not attract
attention--little more, in fact, than in the Sebright race. The carriage
of the male is like that of the Sebright male. The F₁ male and female
are alike in the direct cross and the reciprocal, or at least no
conspicuous difference is found between the two classes of hens,
indicating that no important sex-linked factors are involved in the
cross.
14. The F₂ birds show a great variety of color and pattern, but those
obtained can be approximately grouped into 16 classes. The classes are,
however, admittedly not uniform, indicating minor factors not here
reckoned with. The classification of the hens is easiest; the F₂
hen-feathered males can then in many cases be referred to the proper
classes; the F₂ cock-feathered males can not be accurately classified
with their corresponding hens, except in the case of those that resemble
the two P₁ males, the F₁ male, and those that castration experiments of
the hen-feathered males have shown to belong to certain hen types.
15. Despite the admitted difficulties of classification, it is suggested
that three factor-pairs of differences will cover the main color classes
seen in the F₂ and in the back-cross. One or two of these seem to be
incompletely dominant, since the F₁ birds are not like either parent in
any single character, nor are they like the wild type in so far as this
is represented by the game.
16. A histological examination of the testis of the male Sebright by
Boring and Morgan has shown that it contains cells like those present in
the ovary of all breeds of poultry. These cells are called luteal cells
by Pearl and Boring, from their resemblance to the cells of that name
found in the corpora lutea of mammals. In the mammals similar cells are
supposed to produce internal secretions that act as hormones. Their
function in the female bird is unknown, but the fact that after the
removal of the ovary the female develops the secondary sexual plumage of
the male suggests that some secretion from these cells performs this
function. Their occurrence in the male Sebright and their complete
absence, or paucity, in the males of other races supports strongly the
view that these cells are concerned with the suppression of the
secondary sexual plumage.
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