Steinach’s evidence for the feminized rats, if it may be extended to man, indicates that some of the female characteristics are due to the presence of the ovary holding in check the genetic possibilities of the female, as well as leading to the development of such characteristic traits as the mammæ, etc. In the case of the pelvis the female departs from the juvenile type of both sexes, and here one might look for a better criterion. It is stated that the pelvis of the ox is more like that of the female than it is like that of the male, and it has been said that this is true for the castrated rat and guinea-pig, but whether a simple enlargement of the juvenile pelvis would make it resemble the female type more than that of the male has not, so far as I know, been carefully examined. Should it prove here that this is the case, the evidence on this point would be no stronger than that for other character differences. As has been stated, Tandler and Grosz think that the changes in the skeleton of the ox, as well as those in the castrated cow (skull, pelvis, and limb bones), are due directly to loss of the gonads and are much the same in both. But their resemblance may possibly be due more to an enlarged juvenile condition rather than that either of them changes toward the normal skeleton of the other sex. The statements that have been published concerning the effects of removal of the ovaries in woman are, on the whole, unsatisfactory and often contradictory. That the uterus and oviducts become smaller is expected from what is known to occur in other mammals, and is definitely recorded in the human female. That the breasts become smaller is stated to be the case, but whether because of an actual decrease in the glandular portion has not, so far as I know, been shown. That hair is likely to develop on the upper lip of woman without ovaries is also claimed as likely to occur, and this, too, is sometimes seen in old women, but if it is interpreted to mean an approach to the bearded condition of man it should be admitted that the development is hardly sufficient to invite such a comparison. Finally, it has been stated that the voice becomes deeper, more, therefore, like the male, but this has also been denied. If it could be established that the voice changes and that it was brought about by an enlargement of the larynx, similar to that which takes place when the larynx of the boy changes to that of the man, it might seem not improbable that the change was toward that of the opposite sex. This would mean that the ovary produces some substance that prevents the enlargement of the larynx in the female. But since it has been shown that the enlargement in the male is caused by the development of the testes, and that this enlargement is prevented by castration, a paradoxical situation would present itself, viz, that the testes cause the larynx to enlarge in the male and the ovary prevents the enlargement in the female.