In the _Zygænidæ_ there are two exclusively European genera, and the extensive genus _Zygæna_ is itself mainly Palæarctic. The small family _Stygiidæ_ has two out of its three genera {188}confined to the Palæarctic region. In the _Ægeriidæ_ the genus _Ægeria_ is mainly Palæarctic. The _Sphingidæ_ have a wider general range, and none of the larger genera are peculiar to any one region. _Coleoptera._--The Palæarctic region is the richest portion of the globe in the great family of _Carabidæ_, or predacious ground-beetles, about 50 of the genera being confined to it, while many others, including the magnificent genus _Carabus_, have here their highest development. While several of the smaller genera are confined to the eastern or western sub-regions, most of the larger ones extend over the whole area, and give it an unmistakable aspect; while in passing from east to west or _vice-versâ_, allied species and genera replace each other with considerable regularity, except in the extreme south-east, where, in China and Japan, some Oriental forms appear, as do a few Ethiopian types in the south-west. Cicindelidæ, or tiger-beetles, are but poorly represented by about 70 species of the genus _Cicindela_, and a single _Tetracha_ in South Europe. Lucanidæ, or stag-beetles, are also poor, there being representatives of 8 genera. One of these, _Æsalus_ (a single species), is peculiar to South Europe, and two others, _Cladognathus_ and _Cyclopthalmus_, are only represented in Japan, China, and Thibet. Cetoniidæ, or rose-chafers, are represented by 13 genera, two of which are peculiar to South Europe (_Tropinota_ and _Heterocnemis_), while _Stalagmosoma_, ranging from Persia to Nubia, and the fine _Dicranocephalus_ inhabiting North China, Corea, and Nipal, may also be considered to belong to it. The genera _Trichius_, _Gnorimus_, and _Osmoderma_ are confined to the two north temperate regions. Buprestidæ, or metallic beetles, are rather abundant in the warmer parts of the region, 27 genera being represented, nine of which are peculiar. By far the larger portion of these are confined to the Mediterranean sub-region. A considerable number also inhabit Japan and China. The Longicorns, or long-horned beetles, are represented by no less than 196 genera, 51 of which are peculiar. They are {189}much more abundant in the southern than the northern half of the region. Several Oriental genera extend to Japan and North China, and a few Ethiopian genera to North Africa. Thirteen genera are confined, to the two north temperate regions. Several large genera, such as _Dorcadion_ (154 species), _Phytæcia_ (85 species), _Pogonochærus_ (22 species), _Agapanthia_ (22 species), and _Vesperus_ (7 species), are altogether peculiar to the Palæarctic region; and with a preponderance of _Leptura_, _Grammoptera_, _Stenocorus_, and several others, strongly characterise it as distinct from the Nearctic and Oriental regions.