GRALLÆ | | | SCOLOPACIDÆ. | | | Micropelma | 1 | N. America | Andes to Chili _Philohela_ | 1 | Eastern States to | | | Canada | | | | CHARADRIIDÆ. | | | Aphriza | 1 | W. coast of America | West of S. America | | | ANSERES. | | | ANATIDÆ. | | | Aix | 1 | N. America | China Bucephala | 4 | N. America | Europe Oedemia | 3 | N. America | Europe Harelda | 1 | Arctic | Arctic Seas Somateria | 5 | Arctic | North Palæarctic _Camptolæmus_ | 1 | N. E. America | | | (? extinct) | | | | LARIDÆ. | | | _Creagrus_ | 1 | California and | | | N. Pacific coasts | {154}CHAPTER XVI. SUMMARY OF THE PAST CHANGES AND GENERAL RELATIONS OF THE SEVERAL REGIONS. Having now closed our survey of the animal life of the whole earth--a survey which has necessarily been encumbered with a multiplicity of detail--we proceed to summarize the general conclusions at which we have arrived, with regard to the past history and mutual relations of the great regions into which we have divided the land surface of the globe.