The Manididæ, or scaly ant-eaters, are the only Edentate Mammalia found out of America, They are spread over the Ethiopian and Oriental regions; in the former from Sennaar to West Africa and the Cape; in the latter from the Himalayas to Ceylon, and Eastward to Borneo and Java, as well as to South China, as far as Amoy, Hainan, and Formosa. They have been sub-divided, according to differences in the scaly covering, into five groups, _Manis_, _Phatagin_, _Smutsia_, _Pholidotus_ and _Pangolin_, the three former being confined to Africa, the last common to Africa and the East, while _Pholidotus_ seems confined to Java. It is doubtful if these divisions are more than sub-genera, and as such they are treated here. No extinct species referable to this family are yet known. FAMILY 73.--DASYPODIDÆ. (6 Genera, 17 Species.) GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. __________________________________/\__________________________________ / \ NEOTROPICAL| NEARCTIC |PALÆARCTIC | ETHIOPIAN | ORIENTAL | AUSTRALIAN SUB-REGIONS|SUB-REGIONS|SUB-REGIONS|SUB-REGIONS|SUB-REGIONS|SUB-REGIONS. -----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------ | | | | | 1. 2. 3 -- |-- -- -- --|-- -- -- --|-- -- -- --|-- -- -- --|-- -- -- -- | | | | | The Dasypodidæ, or armadillos, are a highly characteristic Neotropical family, ranging from the northern extremity of the region {246}in south Texas, to 50° south latitude on the plains of Patagonia. The distribution of the genera is as follows:--_Tatusia_ (5 sp.), has the range of the whole family from the lower Rio Grande of Texas to Patagonia; _Prionodontes_ (1 sp.), the giant armadillo, Surinam to Paraguay; _Dasypus_ (4 sp.), Brazil to Bolivia, Chili, and La Plata; _Xenurus_ (3 sp.), Guiana to Paraguay; _Tolypeutes_ (2 sp.), the three-banded armadillos, Bolivia and La Plata; _Chlamydophorus_ (2 sp.), near Mendoza in La Plata, and Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Bolivia. _Extinct Armadillos._--Many species of _Dasypus_ and _Xenurus_ have been found in the caves of Brazil, together with many extinct genera--_Hoplophorus_, _Euryodon_, _Heterodon_, _Pachytherium_, and _Chlamydotherium_, the latter as large as a rhinoceros. _Eutatus_, allied to _Tolypeutes_, is from the Pliocene deposits of La Plata. FAMILY 74.--ORYCTEROPODIDÆ. (1 Genus, 2 Species.)