The Geographical Distribution of Animals, Volume 2: With a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surfaceWallace, Alfred Russel
Science
The Geographical Distribution of Animals, Volume 2: With a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Paleontology; Zoogeography
{72}_Reptiles and Amphibia._--These classes not having been systematically
collected, and the numerous described genera not having undergone careful
revision, little trustworthy information can be derived from them. The
following enumeration of the chief groups hitherto noticed or described,
will, however, show very similar features to those presented by the
birds--a general relation to Neotropical forms, a more special relation to
those of Central America and Mexico, and a considerable number of peculiar
types.
Snakes.--_Arrhyton_ (Calamariidæ) from Cuba, _Hypsirhynchus_ from
Barbadoes, _Cryptodacus_ from Cuba, _Ialtris_ from Hayti, and _Coloragia_
from Cuba (all Colubridæ), have been described as genera peculiar to the
Antilles. _Phylodryas_ and _Dromicus_ (Colubridæ) are Antillean and
Neotropical; _Ahætulla_, (Dendrophidæ) has the same distribution but
extends to tropical Africa; _Epicrates_ and _Corallus_ (Pythonidæ) are
Neotropical and Antillean; while _Chilabothrus_ from Jamaica and _Ungalia_
from Cuba and Jamaica (both Pythonidæ) are found elsewhere only in Central
America and Mexico. There appear to be no Crotalidæ except an introduced
species of _Craspedocephalus_ in St. Lucia.
Lizards are more numerous. _Ameiva_ (Teidæ) is found all over America,
_Gerrhonotus_ (Zonuridæ) is Neotropical and occurs in Cuba; _Gymnopthalmus_
is South American and Antillean. Of Scincidæ seven genera are noted.
_Celestus_ (with 9 species) is peculiar to the Antilles; _Camilia_ (1
species) to Jamaica, _Panoplus_ (1 species) and _Embryopus_ (1 species) to
Hayti; _Diplogossus_ is Antillean and South American; while _Plestiodon_
and _Mabouya_ are cosmopolite. Of Geckotidæ there are four genera;
_Phyllodactylus_ and _Hemidactylus_ which are cosmopolite; _Sphærodactylus_
which is wholly American; and _Cubina_ found only in Martinique and Brazil.
Of Iguanidæ there are six genera; _Anolis_, which ranges all over America;
_Polychrus_, which is Neotropical; _Iguana_ and _Liocephalus_ which are
South American; _Tropedurus_ found in Cuba and Brazil; and _Cyclura_ only
known from Jamaica, Cuba, and Central America.
_Amphibia._--The genus _Trachycephalus_, belonging to the {73}Hylidæ or
tropical tree-frogs, is almost peculiar to the Antilles; Cuba, Hayti, and
Jamaica possessing seven species, while only one is recorded from South
America. Other genera are, _Peltaphryne_ (Bufonidæ) from Portorico;
_Phyllobates_ (Polypedatidæ) from Cuba; _Leiuperus_ (Ranidæ) from
Hayti,--all Neotropical. Of the Urodela, or tailed batrachians, no
representative occurs, although they are so characteristic a feature of the
Nearctic region.
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