The Geographical Distribution of Animals, Volume 2: With a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surfaceWallace, Alfred Russel
Science
The Geographical Distribution of Animals, Volume 2: With a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Paleontology; Zoogeography
_Coleoptera._--Cicindelidæ and Carabidæ are very poorly represented, by a
few species of wide-spread groups, and hardly any peculiar genera. No
Lucanidæ are recorded. Of Cetoniidæ, _Gymnetis_ only appears to be
represented. Buprestidæ seem to be more numerous; 15 genera being recorded,
but almost all of wide distribution. One only is
peculiar--_Tetragonoschoma_, found in Hayti; _Halecia_ is the only
exclusively South American genus; _Chalcophora_ is widely scattered over
the tropical regions but is absent from South America, yet it occurs in the
Nearctic region and extends to Jamaica and Guadeloupe. We now come to the
Longicorns, the only group of Coleoptera which seems to be well
represented, or which has been carefully collected. No less than 40 genera
are known from the West Indian islands, and 15 of these are peculiar.
Prionidæ are proportionately very numerous, there being 10 genera, 2 of
which are widely distributed in both South and North America, 1 is North
American, and 1 South American, while the following are
peculiar,--_Stenodontes_ (Hayti and Cuba); _Dendroblaptus_ (Cuba);
_Monodesmus_ (Cuba and Jamaica); _Prosternodes_ (Cuba); _Solenoptera_ and
_Elateropsis_, the two largest genera found in most of the {75}islands. Of
Cerambycidæ there are 16 genera, 2 of which range all over America, 4 are
Neotropical, 1 South American only, while the following are confined to the
islands,--_Merostenus_, _Pentomacrus_, and _Eburiola_ (Jamaica);
_Bromiades_ (Cuba); _Trichrous_, _Heterops_, and _Pæciloderma_ (Antilles).
One genus, _Smodicum_, is widely spread, having a species in Carolina, 1 in
South America, 1 in Hayti, and 1 in West Africa. Of Lamiidæ there are 14
genera, 8 of which are Neotropical, 1 common to Central America and Mexico,
1 to the United States and Cuba, while 2, _Proecha_ and _Phidola_, are
confined to Cuba. Several of the genera are curiously
distributed;--_Spalacopsis_ is South American, with 4 species in Cuba and
Tropical Africa; _Lagocheirus_ is Neotropical, with a species in Australia;
while _Leptostilus_ is characteristic of the Antilles and North America,
with a few species in South America, and one in New Zealand. These cases of
erratic distribution, so opposed to the general series of phenomena among
which they occur, must be held to be sufficiently explained by the great
antiquity of these groups and their former wide distribution. They may be
supposed to be the remnants of types, now dying out, which were once, like
_Callichroma_, _Clytus_, and many others, almost universally distributed.
All the peculiar Antillean genera of Cerambycidæ and Lamiidæ are allied to
Neotropical forms. The peculiar Prionidæ, however, are mostly allied to
Mexican and North American groups, and one, _Monodesmus_, belongs to a
group all the other genera of which inhabit the East Indies and South
Africa.
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