On Lambert’s map the austral continent occupies half of the circle of the earth. A long legend explains,[701] in terms similar to those of the St. Sever Beatus map, that this region is unknown to mankind because of the sun’s heat; that philosophers say the antipodeans dwell here; and that winter prevails during our summer. In addition to the austral continent, Lambert indicates without a shadow of doubt his faith in the existence of other antipodal regions. A large island on the western margin of his map is labeled, “Here dwell the antipodeans, but they have a different night and opposite days.”[702] We know from other parts of the _Liber floridus_ that Lambert was strongly influenced by Macrobius. A Macrobian sketch of a spherical world showing the five zones is inserted in the Ghent and other manuscripts. This reference to the antipodes can only apply to the unknown regions on the opposite side of the globe, beyond the meridional ocean which, as we have seen in Chapter I, had been described by Crates of Mallos and popularized in Macrobius’ _In somnium Scipionis commentarius_ and in Martianus Capella’s _De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii_. Belief in a spherical world is essential to belief in these theories. THE CRATESIAN THEORY Crates of Mallos’ conception of the arrangement of the world, introduced to Western knowledge through the works of Macrobius and Capella, was well known in our period. William of Conches, Adelard of Bath, and Bernard Sylvester all show the influence of the Crates-Macrobian system in their belief in a great equatorial ocean.[703] Giraldus Cambrensis and the author of the _De imagine mundi_, by their explanation of the causes of the tides, make it plain that they accepted the same opinion. Geoffrey of St. Victor gives a clear exposition of it in his _Microcosmus_.[704] Robert Grosseteste adopts it in his _De sphaera_, explaining carefully the two seas that encircle the earth and calling the equatorial sea “Occeanus” and that which includes the poles “Amphitrites.” He believed that only one of the areas of land separated by these seas is inhabited.[705] The same idea is reflected in words of the _Image du monde_[706] to the effect that only a quarter of the earth’s surface is inhabited and in the recommendation to the reader in his imagination to cut the globe into four quarters like an apple and to think of the habitable part as occupying the surface of one of the quarters. Godfrey of Viterbo points out the significance of the golden ball of empire which formed part of the regal insignia of the Holy Roman Emperors upon which, he said, the fourfold division of the lands of the earth’s surface was shown.[707] Among the imperial treasures (_Reichskleinodien_) in Vienna the golden apple dating from the twelfth century is of this form. Two bands encircling the regal ball at right angles represent the Cratesian idea of oceans girdling the earth.[708]