The geographical lore of the time of the Crusades : $b A study in the history of medieval science and tradition in Western EuropeWright, John Kirtland
History
The geographical lore of the time of the Crusades : $b A study in the history of medieval science and tradition in Western Europe
Wright, John Kirtland
Geography -- History; Geography, Medieval
The most interesting feature of Giraldus’ tidal studies, however, are
not these general speculations regarding causes but some very neat
observations made on the British and Irish coasts. In the first place,
he remarks on the choppy water of the Irish Sea, which presumably he
connects with tide rips.[882] He then goes on to discuss the difference
in the hour of high water at various Irish ports, at Milford Haven in
Wales, and at Bristol in England. When the tide is at the half-ebb in
Dublin, at Milford Haven it is at the half-flood, and near Bristol just
beginning the rise. Let us see what the facts of the case are at the
present day.[883] On February 1, 1919, half-ebb occurred at Dublin at
about 2:30 P. M., half-flood at Milford Haven only about an hour and a
half later, and low water had occurred at Bristol half an hour earlier.
In other words Giraldus’ observations on the relative times of the tides
at these three points were unusually accurate. Furthermore, he explains
that at Wicklow, on the Irish coast opposite Wales, the water falls at
the same time that it rises throughout the sea in general. When Giraldus
here speaks of the “sea in general” he perhaps had in mind tidal
observations made at other points on the coast not far to the south.
Modern tide tables show that near Arklow, only about fourteen miles
away, it is low water some two hours and a half earlier than at Wicklow.
The water, consequently, is rising at Arklow for two hours and a half
while it is still falling at Wicklow. That Giraldus was familiar with
Arklow is shown by the fact that he mentions a river entering the sea
there and describes a curious rock in the harbor.[884]
Finally, Giraldus states[885] that when the moon has passed the meridian
the waters first recede from the coasts of Britain but that on the Irish
coasts in the vicinity of Dublin full flood corresponds to this
recession of the waters. In the vicinity of Wexford, however, flood
waters do not correspond with the flood at Dublin but rather with the
flood waters on the British coast at Milford Haven. Giraldus was
mistaken, if we are right in interpreting his words to mean that he
thought that the tidal undulation which produces high water at Dublin is
a different wave from that of Wexford or Milford Haven. No tidal
undulation enters the Irish Sea from the north, and consequently the ebb
and flood at all of these places is caused by the same wave. On the
other hand, this wave reaches Dublin nearly five hours later than it
reaches Wexford and Milford on the opposite shore, and the accuracy of
Giraldus’ data on the time of these tides is further confirmed by modern
tide tables, which show that flood water at the Welsh port may occur
only twenty-four minutes earlier than at Rosslare Point, the entrance to
Wexford Harbor.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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