The geography and geology of south-eastern EgyptBall, John
Science
The geography and geology of south-eastern Egypt
Ball, John
Geology -- Egypt; Physical geography -- Egypt
=Wadi Igli= is a short wadi draining from Gebel Igli and coursing a
little north of east to the sea somewhat south of latitude 25° 10′.
=Wadi Um Khariga= has its principal head in a _cul-de-sac_ west
of Gebel Ghuel and north of Gebel Hangalia, at an altitude of
approximately 800 metres above sea-level. Near its head there is an
easy pass entering from the west, forming a line of communication
with Hangalia mine; the highest point of the pass is 773 metres above
sea-level. After coursing for about twelve kilometres a little west
of north between the high hills called Gebel Um Khariga, with a rapid
fall, the wadi turns north-east, receiving just below the bend a large
tributary which heads in an easy pass to Wadi Ghadir. Near this place
a road crosses the wadi northwards through the low hills, and passes
west of Gebel Igli el Iswid; it is said to go on to Qena. Further
on in its course towards the sea, Wadi Um Khariga receives another
tributary draining the south flanks of Gebel Igli el Iswid. The
lower portion of Wadi Um Khariga has not been surveyed in detail;
but it passes through a tract of lower hills and enters the sea in
about latitude 25° 5′. The total length of the main channel of
Wadi Um Khariga is about fifty kilometres, and the area of its basin
is about 300 square kilometres.
=Wadi Sukari=, the next wadi to the south, heads at a pass from Wadi
Ghadir; for about nine kilometres it courses east of north between
the eastern range of Gebel Um Khariga and the craggy Gebel Sukari,
then turns more to the east and enters the sea a little south of Wadi
Um Khariga. Near the south end of Gebel Sukari there are numerous
ruins and some ancient gold mines.
=Wadi Um Tundeba= heads near the mountain of the same name, and
courses about north-east to the sea. In one of the heads of this wadi,
about three kilometres west of the summit of Gebel Um Tundeba, is
an important water source, called =Galt Um Tundeba=. This is a rock
basin situated about one kilometre up a little wadi; it contained
a good supply of water in December 1905, but as it depends for its
supply on rainfall in the surrounding hills, it cannot be relied on
as a permanent water source.
=Wadi Amba-ut= is a small wadi originating near the granite hills
called Gebel Amba-ut, and following a course about parallel with
the Wadi Um Tundeba seawards.
=Wadi Ghadir=, which drains by numerous tributaries the eastern
face of Gebels Hangalia and Zabara, as well as the hilly country
round Gebels Ghadir, Allawi, and Lewewi, has a basin of over 500
square kilometres and a length along its main channel, not counting
its feeders, of about forty-five kilometres; it enters the sea in
latitude 24° 50′.
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